Broadening Skills Gap Threatens Manufacturing Competitiveness

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Broadening Skills Gap Threatens Manufacturing
Competitiveness

• Paul Hallacher, The Pennsylvania State University
• Monica Pfarr, National Center for Manufacturing
  Education
• Stacey Jarrett Wagner, The Manufacturing
  Institute, National Association of Manufacturers

2
Attracting a Manufacturing Workforce Stacey
Wagner, The Manufacturing Institute, National
Association of Manufacturers
3
What Manufacturers Are Up Against

• Global competition in 24/7 environment
• Negative, outdated image
• Demand for innovation, must be cutting-edge
• Costs taxes, healthcare, energy, currency issues
• Changes in workforce demographics such as older
  workers and immigrants
• Retirement of current workers and little in the
  pipeline
• Lack of math, science and technology skills in
  United States to compete in this environment

4
90 of respondents indicated a moderate to
severe shortage of qualified skilled production
workers65 of all respondents, and 74 of
respondents with more than 500 employees,
reported a moderate to severe shortage of
scientists and engineers 39 of respondents
indicated a moderate to severe shortage of
qualified unskilled production workers.
What Manufacturers Say About Their Current
Workforce
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Figure 1 To Which Extent Does the Shortage of
Available Skills Impact Your Companys Ability to
Serve Customers (1no impact 5greatest negative
impact)
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Given Changes in the Economy and Business
Environment, Which of the Following Will Be Most
Important to Your Companys Future Business
Success Over The Next Three Years? (Select Up to
Three)
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What Types of Employees are Expected to Be in
Short Supply Over the Next Three Years? (Select
All the Apply)
8
Does Your Company Spend More, Less or About the
Same on Training Employees As It Did Three Years
Ago?
9
How Do You Allocate Your Training Budget Now
(average of responses)?
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Skills Needed Over the Next Three Years
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Why Do You Provide Training To Your Employees?
(Select Up To Three)
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Are K-12 Schools Doing a Good Job Preparing
Students for the Workplace? (Those Responding
No)
13
How Prepared for a Typical Entry Level Job in
Your Company Are Applicants with a High School
Degree/GED?
14
How Prepared for a Typical Entry Level Job in
Your Company Are Applicants with a Certificate
from a 2-Year College?
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Where Does Your Company Turn for External
Education or Training Resources
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Successful Recruitment Practices
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Tactics for Attracting and Retaining Employees
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The NAM Manufacturing Institute Workforce
Solutions

• Workforce Intermediaries Around the Country
• Business Champions
• Advanced Manufacturing Competencies Model
• Research on Models for Immigrants, Older Workers
  and Access to Education
• Support STEM
• RecruitMilitary.com and NAMJobBank
• Dream It Do It

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Our Workforce Project Areas(not counting Dream
It Do It)
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Advanced Manufacturing CompetenciesFramework
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Immediate Solutions We Want Employees Now!
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A Pro-Manufacturing Economic Development and
Awareness Initiative
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Why a campaign?

• Promote accurate vision of todays advanced
  manufacturing
• Align goals of economic developers, workforce
  development and education with industry
• Develop local education and training strategies
  for manufacturing that fill skills gaps
• Provide career information, guidance, and links
  to training, internships and jobs

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What is the campaign?

• A PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN
• A local collaboration of manufacturers, civic
  leaders,
• educators, economic developers, workforce
  development leaders, manufacturing extension
  partnerships
• National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
• Nations largest industrial trade association
• The Manufacturing Institute
• NAMs 501c(3) educational and research arm

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Who the coalition includes?

• LOCAL MANUFACTURERS
• EDUCATORS AND TRAINING PROVIDERS
• ECONOMIC DEVELOPERS
• CIVIC LEADERS
• WORKFORCE DEVELOPMENT PROFESSIONALS

THIS REGIONAL COALITON RUNS THE CAMPAIGN LOCALLY!
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• Site readiness assessment
• Benchmarking study
• Skills Gap Study
• Campaign flowchart/timeline
• Style branding guide
• Local events structure
• Speakers kit/media kit
• Media plan
• Interested party referral system

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• What has been accomplished

• Pilot Campaign In Kansas City Region
• Formation Of Pro-manufacturing Coalition And New
  Mfg Association
• Leverage To Obtain 1.9m CBIT Grant
• 35 Percent Increase In Enrollment In
  Manufacturing Related Courses - BTC
• KC WIB Commitment To Mfg Business And Youth
  Development
• 15M WIRED Grant

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What is next

• CAMPAIGN EXPANSION
• EVALUATION AND FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF TOOLS

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National Center for Manufacturing Education
Monica Pfarr
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National Center for Manufacturing Education

• Established in January 1995
• Partnership between Sinclair Community College
  University of Dayton
• One of the first Centers funded by the National
  Science Foundations Advanced Technological
  Education program

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Goals

• Develop an integrated manufacturing engineering
  technology curriculum with a novel pedagogy that
  is
• Interdisciplinary
• Competency-based
• Occupationally-verified

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Goals (cont.)

• Disseminate best practices in manufacturing,
  providing implementation support and faculty
  enhancement opportunities
• Implement a program at Sinclair Community College
  to serve as a model partnership for manufacturing
  and technology education

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Manufacturing Engineering Technology Curriculum
62 modules that support a student-centered
learning environment and are

• Competency-driven
• Activity-based
• Industry-verified
• Integrated
• Contextual

• Teamwork-based
• Modular
• Assessment-focused
• Consistent with TAC of ABET guidelines

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Services Offered

• Faculty Professional Development
• Grant Writing
• Project Management and Evaluation
• Curriculum Development
• Instructional Publications
• Storyboarding/Project Formulation

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Manufacturing Education Resource Center (MERC)

• Electronic clearinghouse of exemplary practices
  and high quality materials in manufacturing
  technology education
• Technical materials
• Teaching methods
• Faculty development
• Resources for students education, career
  information
• Funded by National Science Foundations ATE
  program

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• Partners include
• Sinclair Community College
• University of Dayton
• Purdue University
• Society of Manufacturing Engineers (SME)
• American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)
• www.merconline.net

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Other Programs

• Project Lead the Way
• Ford PAS
• Dream It! Do It!
• AIM Center

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Project Lead the Way

• National pre-engineering and engineering
  technology program for both middle schools and
  high schools
• Over 1500 schools in 46 states
• www.pltw.org

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Project Lead the Way - Ohio

• 69 schools offering PLTW
• Over 1500 students impacted in AY 2005-2006
• College credit available at Ohio
• colleges/universities
• www.pltwohio.org

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Ford Partnership for Advanced Studies (PAS)

• Project-based high school curriculum materials
  designed to develop critical thinking, problem
  solving, and collaborative learning skills
• National program at individual schools Ohio is
  first state-wide adopter
• Meets requirements of Ohio Career Fields
  Technical Content Standards Documents in both
  core body of knowledge and specialized areas
• Seven schools began pilot implementation for Ohio
  in 2006-07

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Dream It! Do It!

• Pro-manufacturing economic development and
  awareness initiative from The National
  Association of Manufacturers (NAM)
• Local/regional collaboration of manufacturers,
  civic leaders, educators, economic developers,
  workforce development leaders
• Leading West-Central Ohio implementation team

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Advanced Integrated Manufacturing (AIM) Center

• Founded in 1993
• Partnership between Sinclair Community College
  and the University of Dayton
• Provide support to the regions manufacturing
  industry

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Services Offered

• Process Improvement
• Lean Manufacturing
• Quality Systems
• Coaching/Consulting

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Services Offered

• Workforce Development
• Manufacturing Skills
• CAD/CAM
• Industrial Maintenance
• Inspection/Metrology

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Services Offered

• Production Support
• Product Design/Development
• Rapid Prototyping
• Machine Rental
• Lab Rental
• Product Demonstrations
• Outside Representatives

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Monica Pfarr Director, NCME Sinclair Community
College 444 West Third Street Dayton, OH
45402 [phone] monica.pfarr_at_sinclair.edu
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Pennsylvanias Center for Nanofabrication
Education A National Resource for
Nanotechnology Education
Paul Hallacher The Pennsylvania State University
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Need for Nanotechnology Workers

• The nation will need more than 1 million
  nanotechnology workers by 2012 (Breslau, 2002
  Roco, 2002).
• Sectors that are driving this demand include
• Industries that traditionally use micro- and
  nanotechnology
• microelectronics
• information storage
• optoelectronics
• electroceramics
• Industries created by this technology
• micro- and nano-electromechanical systems (MEMs
  and NEMs)
• nanobiotechnology, nanoelectronics, and
  nanomaterials start-ups
• Industries that never used nanotechnology
• pharmaceuticals
• chemicals
• forest products
• stone, clay and glass
• textiles
• Research centers housed in industry,
  universities, and national laboratories

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Features of the Pennsylvania Center

• Key Partners
• Commission for Community Colleges
• State System of Higher Education
• Penn State
• State funding since 1998
• Industry-led since inception
• NSF ATE Center since 2001
• Emphasis on broad applications
• Capstone semester at Penn State
• Leveraging the NSF NNIN
• Degree programs at 20 institutions
• 222 educational pathways
• Educator and industry workshops
• Summer Nanotech Camps
• Educational cleanroom at Penn State
• Remote access to Penn State equipment
• New courseware for use anywhere
• National resource role since 2005

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Industrial Advisory Board
Plextronics PPG Corporate Science Technology
Group Rohm and Haas Company RJ Lee Group Saladax
Biomedical Inc. Schott North America,
Inc. Seagate Technology Semiconductor Industry
Association Solid State Measurements Tyco
Electronics US Steel Veeco Metrology Group
Air Products and Chemicals Agere Systems Bayer
Material Science LLC Crystalplex
Corp. Diamonex Edlon, Inc. Fairchild
Semiconductor Hanson Technologies, Inc. Imerys
USA Inc. Imiplex LLC Johnson Johnson Kurt
Lesker Co. Lockheed Martin Space Systems Merck 
Co. Minerals Technologies Inc.
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Capstone Semester

• 18-credit, hands-on experience offered
  continuously at Penn State site of the NNIN
• Emphasis on generic skills for any application of
  nanotechnology (or micro-technology)
• Courses are cross-listed in the catalogues of all
  partner institutions
• Support associate and baccalaureate programs at
  partner institutions

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Capstone Semester Courses (1)

• Materials, Safety, Health Issues, and Equipment
  Basic to Nanofabrication
• Provides an overview of basic nanofabrication
  processing and materials handling procedures with
  a focus on safety, environment, and health.
• Basic Nanofabrication Processes
• Provides an overview of the equipment and
  processes used to fabricate materials, devices,
  and structures at the nanoscale using top-down,
  bottom-up, and hybrid approaches.
• Materials Utilization in Nanofabrication
• Addresses materials preparation approaches
  including self-assembly, colloidal chemistry,
  catalytic nanowire and nanotube formation,
  thermal growth, physical vapor deposition, and
  chemical vapor deposition.

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Capstone Semester Courses (2)

• Lithography for Nanofabrication
• Covers all aspects of pattern transfer.
  Approaches covered include probe lithography,
  stamp lithography, nano-imprinting, e-beam
  lithography, and optical lithography.
• Materials Modification in Nanofabrication
• Covers materials modification from hydrophobicity
  and hydrophilicity to rapid thermal annealing,
  and examines the impact of such process on
  phenomena from wetting angles to overall
  electrical, mechanical, optical, and chemical
  properties.
• Characterization and Testing in Nanofabrication
• Addresses nanofabrication characterization and
  testing, emphasizing basic measurement approaches
  from optical microscopy to scanning probe
  microscopies and scanning electron microscopy.

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Summer Nanotech Camps for Secondary Students

• One-day and three-day summer Nanotech Camps
  offered since 1999
• 987 PA students have attend summer Nanotech Camps
  to date
• Special emphasis on students from disadvantaged
  minority communities

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Professional Development of Educators and
Industry Personnel

• 670 educators and industry representatives have
  attended 3-day workshops to date
• Nanotechnology experiment kits for use in
  secondary schools under development
• Nanotechnology being incorporated into
  pre-service science teacher education in PA

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Summary of Results to Date

• 40 associate degree programs, including 13
  community colleges, Millersville U., Lock Haven
  U., Penn College, and Penn State campuses (196
  degrees awarded)
• 13 Baccalaureate programs at 7 State System
  universities and Penn State Berks (16 degrees
  awarded)
• 670 educators and industry personnel completed
  three-day workshops
• 987 secondary students completed Nanotech Camps
• 392 students have completed the capstone semester
• 62 employed
• 36 continuing their education
• 2 seeking employment
• About 200 students currently in pipeline to the
  capstone semester

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PA Nanotechnology Companies Who Have Hired NMT
Graduates
II-IV Corporation Agere Allied Fueling Alden
Products Amedeo Avail Technologies BioElectroSpec
B. Braun Cabot Centocor Correg Sensors Cyoptics DR
S Laurel Technologies Dana Corporation
NanoHorizons Optellios Philips Medical
Systems Plextronics Probes Unlimited PPL Rhetech
Seagate Technologies SI International Spectrum
Technologies Textron Lycoming Transene Westfalia
Technologies Xactix
Doucette Industries Fairchild Semiconductors Finco
r Automation First Energy Gas Technologies GlaxoSm
ithKline Hershey Medical Center Johnson
Matthey Keystone Engineering Lockheed
Martin Lucent Technologies Lutron
Electronics Membrane Assays Merck
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What Employers Saying About Associate Degree
Graduates

• We recently hired an NMT graduate about 3 months
  ago and he just hit the floor running. Hes been
  great. (Plextronics, Inc.)
• We like the self starting type of individual that
  comes out. They are able to think in a very
  broad sense. (Seagate Technology)
• We take these NMT people like that! Boom! Right
  off the top! (Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.)
• These NMT technicians have more processing
  experience, and they see the big semiconductor
  picture. (Fairchild Semiconductor)
• The NMT experience hits all the basics. The
  scope exceptional. We look for people whove
  gone through the NMT experience. (Verimetra,
  Inc)
• The NMT students are getting a broad background.
  No one else seems to be doing this. (Xactix,
  Inc.)
• In our environment, a person like this would be
  very, very good. (National Institute of
  Standards and Technology)

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2004 National Planning Project

• There is strong and growing interest among
  community colleges throughout the nation.
• Relatively few nanofabrication research
  facilities are available for technician training
• Alternatives to the centralized facility model
  should be a major thrust of any national effort
• Students must be provided with hands-on
  laboratory experiences

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Some Potential Regional Efforts

• Iowa
• Hawkeye Community College
• Iowa State University
• Texas
• Del Mar College
• Kingwood College
• Texas A and M
• Northwest
• North Seattle Community College
• University of Washington
• Baltimore-Washington
• Community College of Baltimore County
• University of Maryland

• Upper Midwest
• Dakota County Technical College
• University of Minnesota
• Midwest
• Rock Valley College
• Argonne National Laboratory
• California
• College of the Canyons
• UCSB
• Florida
• St. Petersburg College
• University of South Florida

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National Leadership Role

• Assist community and technical colleges across
  the nation to develop nanotechnology education
  programs
• Develop alternatives to the centralized facility
  model for delivery of associate degree level
  nanotechnology education
• Assist community and technical colleges to
  develop and deliver nanotechnology training for
  incumbent workers
• Develop national skill standards for associate
  degree level nanotechnology workers

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Create Alternatives to Centralized Facilities

• New educational clean room with on-line access to
  AFM, SEM, and other instruments, coupled with new
  learning tools for hands-on nanotechnology
  education anywhere
• Develop and disseminate new courses on
  fundamentals of nanotechnology for delivery with
  or without access to clean rooms or equipment
• Workshops to prepare community college faculty to
  use new learning tools and on-line access to Penn
  State teaching clean room in their classrooms
• New curriculum and learning tools to enable
  on-site incumbent worker training at industry
  locations

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Educational Nanotechnology Laboratory

• Features
• 1,500 sq. ft. of laboratory space
• 1,000 sq. ft. class 100,000 clean room
• Equipment
• Atomic Force Microscope
• Scanning Electron Microscope
• Reactive Ion Etcher
• Evaporator
• Sputtering System
• Atmospheric Furnace
• Profilometer
• Ellipsometer
• Probe Station
• UV-VIS Spectrophotometer
• Optical Microscope
• Chemical Vapor Deposition System
• Denotes Remote Accessible Equipment

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Introduction to Nanoscience Course
Examine the science underlying nanotechnology,
applications to electronic, chemical, and
biological fields, and impacts on society and the
environment.
Learning Outcomes
Topics

• Describe the societal impacts of nanotechnology
  on modern society.
• List at least five biological applications of
  nanotechnology.
• Find, using Internet research, five commercial
  applications of nanotechnology.
• Describe the structures known as nanotubes and
  Bucky balls, and one current application of each
  form.
• Describe the application of nanotechnology in
  environmental and medical sensors to electronic
  monitoring.

• Exploring the Atomic Scale
• Crystal Structure
• Chemical Properties of Nanomaterials
• Electrical Properties of Nanomaterials
• Quantum Effects
• Building and Characterizing Nanostructures
• Biological Applications of Nanoscience
• Environmental and Societal Impacts of
  Nanoparticles
• Career Opportunities in Nanotechnology

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Nanotechnology Skill Standards

• National Association of State Directors of Career
  and Technical Education Career Clusters
  initiative
• Career Clusters organize education around sixteen
  broad categories that encompass virtually all
  occupation
• Manufacturing Skill Standards Council (MSSC) has
  led skills standards development for
  manufacturing production technician
• Manufacturing Processes and Production
• Quality Assurance
• Maintenance Awareness
• Safety
• MSSC production technician certification is now
  being promoted nationally to education and
  industry
• Center for Nanofabrication Manufacturing
  Education is leading nanotechnology component of
  MSSC production technician certification
  standards update in 2006-2007

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Nanotechnologist Skill Set

• Clean room protocols
• Scanning probe microscopy
• Electron microscopy
• Optical, chemical, and electrical
  characterization
• Nano-imprinting
• E-beam lithography
• Self-assembly fabrication
• Colloidal chemistry fabrication
• Plasma etching/deposition fabrication

• Nanowire and nanoparticle fabrication
• Bio-chip fabrication
• MEMs and NEMs fabrication
• Electrical device fabrication
• Health, safety and environmental concerns
• Technical reporting and documentation
• Intellectual property management
• Applications of micro- and nanotechnology
• Teamwork

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Incumbent Worker Training for Two Types of
Companies

• Companies engaged in, or soon to be engaged in,
  micro- and nanotechnology.
• Deliver one-day nanotechnology overview workshops
  on-site, employing remote access to laboratory
  equipment and nanotechnology learning tools
• More traditional companies in industries that are
  not yet using or even planning to use
  nanotechnology, but that will very soon be
  impacted by nanotechnology.
• Assist traditional industry companies explore
  applications of nanotechnology to their
  respective fields
• Survey Pa. companies nanotechnology training
  needs with the goal of planning nanotechnology
  fabrication/characterization training for
  incumbent workers