Unit Nine

1
Unit Nine

• Text A
• Stop Brain Drain

2

• Topic Discussion
• What do you think of
• "Brain Drain"?

3
Words and Phrases

• brain drain
• give preferential treatment
• non-immigrant visa
• the cream of India
• cottage industry

• ????
• ??????
• ?????
• ??????
• ?????

4

• ???
• ??
• ????
• ????
• ??????

• thumbs up
• room and board
• foot the bill
• in the hope of NP/that-cl
• as sb put it

5

• leave room for
• over the next two decades
• at the expense of
• Silicon Valley
• serve ones native land

• ?????
• ?????20??
• ?...??, ???...
• ????
• ??
• ???????

6

• ??, ???
• ??
• ???
• ???????
• ??
• ????

• shift gears
• book show
• hold water
• ride on the wave of the internet
• make fortunes
• mid-sized city

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Sentences

• ????????????
• The country has been drained of its best men.
• ???????,???????????????
• Switzerland is surrounded by four neighbors,
  namely, France, Germany, Austria and Italy.

8

• ????????????????
• The critic gave the new movie two thumbs up.
• ???????????????
• I called in the hope that she was at home.

9

• ????????????,???????
• He became a brilliant scholar but only at the
  expense of his health.
• ??????????????????????????
• New blocks of flats and offices are mushrooming
  all over the city.

10

• ??????????????????
• We must make sure that we keep pace with new
  developments in computer technology.
• ????????,???????
• It's a very good explanation, but it won't hold
  water.

11
brain (title)

• brain drain
• brain fever
• brain trust
• brainchild

• n. ????
• n. ???
• n. ???????
• n. ???????

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• brainpower
• brainstorm
• brainwash
• brainwave
• brainwork

• n. ????
• v. ???? n.????
• n. v. ????????
• n. ?????
• n. ????

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drain n. (title)

• 1) C ??????
• ????,???????????
• The drains _____after the heavy rain.
• overflowed
• Don't pour those tea leaves down the drain -
  you'll block the sink.
• 2) a gradual outflow or loss ????
• the drain of young talent by emigration.

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drain (L65)

• v. 1) away/off/out (???)?????
• Boil the vegetables for 20 minutes then drain off
  the water.????
• The rainwater drained off/away. ??

15

• 2) off/of to (cause to) become gradually dry,
  as water or other liquid is removed ????
• After I washed the plates, I left them to drain.
  ??
• She was so afraid/angry that her face was drained
  of blood. ????????????

16
preferential/ preferable (L1)

• preferable to better, esp. because more
  suitable that one should or would prefer ????,
  ???
• A dark suit is preferable to a light one for
  evening wear.
• Anything is preferable to having her stay for the
  whole week!

17

• preferential of, giving, receiving, or showing
  preference?????????
• The theatre gives preferential booking privileges
  to its regular patrons.
• a controversial new law that gives preferential
  treatment to certain minority groups

18
Translation

• ??????????
• Coffee is preferable to tea, I think.

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namely (L4)

• adv (and) that is (to say) ?,??,????
• Only one person can do the job, namely you.
• There is one more topic to discuss, namely the
  question of your salary.

20
namely/that is to say (i.e.)

• Both terms can be used when you want to make
  clearer the meaning of something already said,
  but namely is the usual term before an expression
  which is more specific than what has already been
  said
• We visited two ancient cities, namely Nimes and
  Arles.

21

• Before an expression which is less specific than
  what has already been said you can use only i.e.
• We visited Nimes and Arles, i.e. two ancient
  cities.

22

• Use i.e. before an explanation which forms a
  complete sentence
• Arabic is written in the opposite direction to
  English, i.e. it is written from right to left.

23
namely (L4)

• 1. She has only one son, __________ , Harry.
• 2. He was found innocent in the court,
  ____________ , the court could not convict him
  legally.

namely
that is to say
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on top (L8)

• Labor is on top in its contract discussions with
  management.
• ????????????,????????

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provision (L8)

• ?????
• Provisions are plentiful.
• ?????????
• to make provision for the future
• ??????

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• ????
• ??????????????????
• This provision ensures to / for us a _______ in
  the subject.
• voice
• Both sides have to act according to the
  provisions of the agreement.
• ?????????????

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give preference to

• ????
• ?????????????
• Well give preference to children and the aged.

28
slogan (L13)

• n a short phrase expressing a usu. political or
  advertising message ??, ??
• Small is beautiful was his slogan.
• demonstrators chanting(??) anti-nuclear slogans

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the scream of India (L13)

• cream n. ?? the best part (of)
• ???????
• the cream of this years literature
• ???????????????
• The wedding was attended by the cream of New York
  society.
• the cream of the joke ?????

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-ism ??, ?, ?? (L16)

• capitalism
• Communism
• confucianism
• colonialism
• consumerism

• ????
• ????
• ????, ??
• ????
• ??????

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• egoism
• fascism
• fatalism
• feminism
• heroism

• ????, ????
• ?????,
• ???
• ????
• ????

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• ????
• ????, ???
• ????
• ?????
• ?????

• humanism
• idealism
• imperialism
• Maoism
• Marxism

33

• ????
• ????, ????
• ????,????
• ????
• ????
• ??, ?????

• materialism
• patriotism
• racism
• realism
• socialism
• Taoism

34
throw out (L18)

• 1. get rid of, throw away as trash/rubbish
• You really should throw out that dirty old table
  and get a new one.
• 2. refuse to accept, reject
• ???????????
• The committee threw out my suggestion.

35
idiom thumbs(L18)

• all thumbs
• count one's thumbs
• stick out like a sore thumb
• thumb a lift

• ???
• ????
• ????????
• ????

36

• thumb (ones) nose
• Thumbs down!
• Thumbs up!
• under (one's) thumb

• ??????
• ??? ???!
• ???, ???!
• ???? ????

37

• thumbs up a sign of approval, support or
  victory
• thumbs down a sign of disapproval
• ????/????????
• Theyve given our plan the thumbs up/down.

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• thumb V.
• 1. get a free ride by raising the thumb as a
  signal
• ?????????????
• We thumbed a lift to London for the weekend.

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• 2. thumb through look or search through quickly
• ????????,???????
• The clerk thumbed through the files looking for a
  letter.

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prime (L21)

• 1. main, greatest, the most important
• ??????????????????????????
• A prime reason for our ________ is lack of people
  willing to put money into new businesses.
• economic decline/recession

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• 2. of the very best quality or kind
• ??????????
• a fresh piece of prime beef
• ???????
• a prime example
• ????
• prime time

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board (L25)

• board n. meals
• I pay 30 pounds a week for board and lodging./ or
  bed and board

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foot the bill (L25)

• infml. Pay the bill
• ?????????????
• His parents footed the bill for the wedding.

44
parallel (L31)

• n. a likeness
• ???????????????????
• The police officer saw a parallel between the two
  murder cases.
• 2. ???, similar
• ???????????????
• My feelings in this matter are parallel to yours.

45

• v. be similar to
• ????????????
• The stream parallels the road for several miles.
• The histories of the two countries closely
  parallel each other.

46
pledge (L34)

• n C to-v/that (esp. in newspapers) a solemn
  promise or agreement ????
• They made a firm pledge to support us.
• The government has given a pledge that it will
  halt the bombing.

47

• vt. to-v/that (esp. in newspapers) to make a
  solemn promise of ??
• They have pledged their support for our case.
• The government pledged to re-house the refugees.
• They have pledged that any details given to them
  will remain confidential

48
outcome (L36)

• outcome ????????????????
• result ??????????
• His illness is a result of bad food.
• effect ? result???????????
• The farmers felt the effect of the drought for
  years.

49

• consequence ???????????
• If you break the laws, you must take the
  consequence.

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mushroom (L39)

• vi. 1 to grow and develop fast ????, ????
• New housing estates have mushroomed on the edge
  of the town.
• 2 adv/prep to form and spread in the shape of
  a mushroom ??????
• The smoke mushroomed into the sky.

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cripple (L43)

• ?? ??????, ??
• be financially crippled
• ????
• The ship was crippled in the storm.
• ??????????????

52
gear (L44)

• gear case
• ???
• a car with five gears
• ????????
• hunting gear
• ????

53

• the steering gear of a ship
• ??????
• the landing gear of an aircraft
• ??????
• party gear
• ??????

54
sport (L45)

• v. wear sth., esp. to show it to others show
  publicly
• ???????????
• The front of the car sported a flag.
• ??????????????
• She came in today sporting a fur coat.

55
hold water (L49)

• (usu. in questions or negatives) to be or seem
  true, reasonable, or believable
  (??)???(??????)??????, ,???,
• His explanation of where he got the money from
  just doesn't hold water.

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• in deep water(s)
• ???? ( into deep water(s))
• in hot water
• ???????? ( into hot water)
• like water
• ???????
• ?????????????
• The wine flowed like water

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• make water
• ?? ( pass water)
• Your story just doesn't hold water.
• ????????
• throw cold water
• ???

58

• water on the brain
• ????
• water on the knee
• ????

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in favor of (L55)

• 1) approving of on the side of or in support of
  ??
• Are you in favour of workers' control of
  companies?
• 2) choosing instead because of a preference for
• He turned down a university appointment in favour
  of a political career.

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• 3) in someone's/something's favour to sb's/sth's
  advantage???
• The system tends to operate in favour of the
  wealthier classes.
• The plan has this in its favour, that it won't
  cost much.

61
Silicon Valley (L58)

• the White House
• ?the U.S. President / administration ??
• the Pentagon
• ? the U.S. military establishment ????

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• Capitol Hill
• ? the Legislative Branch of the U.S. ???
• Downing Street
• ? the British government / cabinet ???
• Hollywood
• ? American film-making industry ???

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• Wall Street
• ? U.S. financial circles ???(??????)
• Madison Avenue
• ? American advertising industry (???)?????
• Fleet Street
• ? the British Press (??)???

64

• Scotland Yard
• ?the British police ????
• John Bull
• ? England the English people ???
• Uncle Sam
• ? the US, esp. the US government ???????

65
disintegrate (L59)

• v. to break up into small pieces ????????
• The box was so old it just disintegrated when I
  picked it up.
• The project disintegrated owing to lack of
  financial backing.

66
cyber(L62)

• cyber- a Greek word, means pilot
• cyberspace n. ????
• cyberspeak n. ????
• cyber relationship ????
• cyberculture ????
• cyberize v. ????