Protists and Fungi

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Protists and Fungi

• Read pg 352-387
• HW pg 370 1-24
• Pg 390 1-24

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Protists

• Protists are also microorganisms like Monera.
• However, protists are eukaryotic
• 3 major types
• Animal-like protozoa
• Plant-like protophyta
• Fungus-like slime molds and water molds
• Because of similarities and overlaps, it is hard
  to classify protists

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About Protists

• Protists can be unicellular or multicellular
• Protists are different from other eukaryotes
  because they lack specialized tissues.
• In other words, they are very simple.
• Protists live in just about any environment that
  contains liquid water.
• Many are photosynthetic
• Can reproduce sexually or asexually

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Animal-like protists

• Mostly single-celled and mobile.
• Eat via phagocytosis
• 4 groups arranged by locomotion
• Flagellates having long flagella
• Amoeboids having transient psuedopods
• Ciliates having short cilia
• Sporozoa non-mobile and able to form spores

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Plant-like protists

• Usually contain chloroplasts (possibly through
  endosymbiosis)
• Some are truly multicellular (as opposed to
  colonial)
• 3 major groups
• Chlorophytes green algae (related to higher
  plants)
• Rhodophytes red algae
• Heterokontophytes brown algae, diatoms

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Fungus-like protists

• These form spores
• Often feed on bacteria via phagocytosis
• Due to similarities with protozoa and protophyta,
  most have been reclassified.

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Fungi

• Fungi are eukaryotic
• Heterotrophs that have cell walls (although
  different from plant cell walls)
• Performs sexual and asexual reproduction
• Produces spores from fruiting bodies
• More closely related to animals than plants
• Alongside bacteria, prime decomposers

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Where are they?

• Examples of fungi include
• Yeasts
• Molds
• Mushrooms
• Found worldwide in soil, dead matter, and as
  symbionts of plants, animals, and other fungi.

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Survival

• Again, found worldwide
• Deserts, salty water, deep sea, on rocks
• Able to survive UV radiation and cosmic radiation
  (when taken to space)
• Spores
• Spores are contained in the gills of a fungus.
  Gills, or lamellae, house the reproductive
  spores. A single fruiting body may produce up to
  10,000 million spores!
• Fungi require wind and gravity to spread spores.
  Usually we find fruiting bodies in a fairy ring
  due to a growth in all directions from a single
  point of germination.

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Anatomy

• Thread-like filaments are called hyphae
• Interconnected hyphae form mycelium
• Development of spores occur in fruiting bodies.

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Symbiosis

• With plants Aid in plants ability to uptake
  inorganic nutrients. 90 of all plants interact
  with fungi.
• With insects Several types of ant harvest fungi.
  Some beetles and termites also cultivate fungi.
• As pathogens Known for affecting many plants and
  animals (ringworm, for example is a fungal
  infection)

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Human use

• As fermenters yeasts for beer, wine, bread, soy
  sauce.
• As food mushrooms, truffles, the blue in bleu
  cheese
• As medicine producers of antibiotics (penicillin
  for example)
• Useful in curing tuberculosis, syphillis, and
  leprosy
• As industrial used to make stonewashed jeans,
  industrial chemicals, and as biological
  detergents.

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• Slime molds and Fungus Video

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Dissections