JOURNALISM AND NEW MEDIA

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JOURNALISM AND NEW MEDIA

• Ari Heinonen
• University of Tampere
• ISSS/ INSO 7
• September/October 2003

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The Aim

• Contextualise Give background for understanding
  what is happening in journalism and mass
  communication in the Age of New Media
• Analyse Outline the relationship of new media
  and journalism
• Focus Highlight the issues of new media
  journalism for further examination

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The Topics

• The basis Journalism as a changing social
  phenomenon
• Information Society and journalism
• New media and changing journalism

• Focus on journalistic mass communication

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Part OneThe basis Journalism as a changing
social phenomenon
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Journalism as a changing social phenomenon

• Historicality of the journalistic profession
• emergence of journalism and journalistic
  profession was connected to specific developments
  in society
• as society changes the characteristics of
  journalism evolve as well
• social trends that can be condensed in the term
  Information Society/New Media, are shaping
  journalism

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Journalism as a changing...

• Invention of journalism
• Carey industrial revolution AND "revolution in
  communication and popular culturegt professional
  communicator
• Chalaby news became an instrument of
  competitiongt publicists ? journalists
• Schudson newspaper reporting - a new information
  gathering professiongt paid reporters, organised
  work processes

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Journalism as a changing...

• Evolving practices
• working practices appear, develop, change
• E.g.
• reporting
• interviewing
• investigative reporting
• detachment from society represented in the news
• strive for the authority of the news

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Journalism as a changing...

• Detaching professional identity
• Forming the identity
• "professional" working practises
• professional unions
• positioning as an object of science
• Reflecting the identity
• professional ethics and self-regulation (inside)
• studying journalistic practices (outside)
• objectivity, self-sustainablity, detachment

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Journalism as a changing...
Reasonings of change 1
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Journalism as a changing...

• Reasonings of change 2
• Socio-cultural audience (the public), democracy
• Business business like any business vs.
  political economy
• Technological outside agent vs. minor variable
  two-way relatiosnhip
• Professional-normative personal attributes,
  professional routines, ethics, norms/values

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Part TwoInformation Society and journalism
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Inf. Soc. and journalism...

• Signs of change
• Technological "a new technological paradigm
  organized around information technologies
  (Castells)
• Economic information/informational economy
  (Webster/Castells)
• Occupational occupations emerge, disappear
  nature of occupations change
• Networking logic network as a metaphor new
  limits for time and space
• Cultural expansion of informational content of
  every day life

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Inf. Soc. and journalism...

• Shaping the change
• In the past
• Telegraph railroad ? new social processes
• Changes in technology, economy, politics ?
  professional journalism
• Today
• Changes in the relationships of production,
  social class relations, power relations
• Different society, different journalism?

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Inf. Soc. and journalism...

• Implications for journalism
• New emblem of society
• sets the tone
• Enforced development
• practical consequencies in media
• Importance of technology
• journalism from technological perspective

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Part Three New media and changing journalism
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New media and changing...

• Topics
• new media as technology discourse
• concept of new media
• characterising new media
• technical basis
• communication features

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New media and changing...

• New media as technology discourse
• in talk about new media and journalism,
  technology gives the framework
• talking about journalism as a function to
  technology
• technological development has always been present
  in journalism
• new media is not the only perspective to
  journalism

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New media and changing...

• Vague concept
• used quite carelessly
• new? new is always relative
• Marvin When old technologies were new
• Standage The Victorian Internet
• new media set in the context of old media, but
  re-form media use and practices
• Fidler Mediamorphosis
• NEW MEDIA will do!

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New media and changing...

• Defining new media I
• Technical basis of new media
• digitalisation
• networking
• computer mediation
• Communication features of new media

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New media and changing...

• Digitalisation
• bits and bytes, ones and zeros
• the development of digital language is likely to
  have a profound transformational effect on human
  society (Fidler)
• "We can see the formation of...an interactive,
  digital hypertext, combining everything from
  everywhere. All cultural expressions are
  articulated in this text, in which television
  programmes, cultural activities, video, music,
  radio, print, and artistic expressions interact.
  Because all this is organised in a digital
  language, it can be mixed recombined, recomposed
  and reorganised." (Castells)

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New media and changing...
ANALOGUE
PRODUCTION
moving image
audio
text
television (movie)
DISTIRBUTION
radio
paper
radio-vastaanotin
television-set
news-paper
radio-set
RECEPTION
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New media and changing...
DIGITAL
PRODUCTION
moving image
audio
text
d i g i t a l i s a t i o n
DISTIRBUTION
(The Net)
newsp.
radio
wap
television
RECEPTION
digi-tv
integrated receiver (computer)
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New media and changing...

• Networking
• digitised contents can be transferred via
  information networks
• Computer mediation
• information processing
• communication
• the tool of expression (Castells)

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New media and changing...

• Defining new media II
• Technical basis of new media
• Communication features of new media
• multimedia
• hypertext
• personalisation
• multiple channel publishing
• location sensitivity / mobility
• widened time-frame
• interactivity
• globality

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New media and changing...

• Multimedia
• text, audio, moving image, graphics ? bits
• contents can be manipulated
• final product an entity with different content
  elements
• ?http//www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2002/graficos/salud
  /archivo.html

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New media and changing...

• Hypertext
• nonlinear documents in which text nodes are
  linked to other relevant pieces of text, forming
  a textual network" (Strate)
• depth, context, details in story-telling
• ?http//education.guardian.co.uk/higher/news/story
  /0,9830,880412,00.html

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New media and changing...

• Personalisation
• traditional mass media duplicated products
• new media unique relationship to the content
• production of news contents still bulk-work
• ? http//my.yahoo.com/

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New media and changing...

• Multiple channel publishing
• increasing variety of receivers requires that
  contents are produced so that they actually can
  be distributed and received using several
  publishing platforms
• problems different content types have different
  requirements
• ? IMU2 project

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New media and changing...

• Location sensitivity / mobility
• two-way, multimedia communication settings even
  while on the move
• contents that are location sensitive
• http//compcult.media.mit.edu/afghan_x/
• http//www.beyond2000.com/news/Mar_02/story_1344.h
  tml

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http//www.beyond2000.com/news/Mar_02/story_1344.h
tml
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New media and changing...

• Widened time-frame
• traditional media instantenous, throw-away
• online archives, search agents
• IHT gt Search http//www.iht.com

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New media and changing...

• Interactivity
• information networks two-way channels
• less clear who is sender, who is receiver
• challenges detached identity of journalism
• ? http//www.bbc.co.uk/communicate/

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New media and changing...

• Globality
• global information networks
• world-wide audiences
• BUT cultural barriers
• many-to-many global communication
• ? http//www.indymedia.org/publish.php3