Principles, Standards

1
Principles, Standards Practices

• The Foundations of
• Recreation, Parks, Tourism
• And Leisure Services

2
Wisdom grows as knowledge shrinks,
and facts are swallowed up in
principles. --Dr. Edsko Jerry Dyksterhuis
Texas AM University, 1968
3
What is Knowledge

• Plato defined knowledge as "justified true
  belief".
• It is expertise, and skills acquired by a person
  through experience or education.
• The term knowledge is used to mean the confident
  understanding of a subject with the ability to
  use it for an appropriate application or purpose.

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What is Wisdom?

• Accumulated knowledge, gained through a
  combination of academic study and personal
  experience, that goes beyond knowledge by
  representing broader, more generalized rules and
  schemas for understanding a specific domain or
  domains wisdom allows you to understand how to
  apply concepts from one domain to new situations
  or problems.
• myphliputil.pearsoncmg.com/student/bp_jessup_ist_1
  /JessupGlossary.html

5

• accumulated knowledge or erudition or
  enlightenment www.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/we
  bwn
• the trait of utilizing knowledge and experience
  with common sense and insight www.cogsci.princeto
  n.edu/cgi-bin/webwn
• ability to apply knowledge or experience or
  understanding or common sense and insight
  www.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn
• the quality of being prudent and sensible
  www.cogsci.princeton.edu/cgi-bin/webwn
• The ability to use knowledge for a purpose.
  lms.thomsonelearning.com/hbcp/glossary/glossary.t
  af

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What is a Principle?

• The Law of Nature by which a thing operates.
• A rule of conduct, especially of right conduct.
• A fundamental truth, law, doctrine, or motivating
  force, upon which others are based.
• Synonyms rule, law, theory, notion, dogma,
  tenet, assumption

7
What is a Standard?

• Something established for use as a rule or basis
  of comparison in measuring or judging capacity,
  quantity, content, extent, value, quality, etc.
• Anything recognized as correct by common consent,
  by approved custom, or by those most competent to
  decide.
• A level or grade of excellence or attainment,
  regarded as a goal or measure of adequacy
• Synonyms criterion, benchmark, model,
  paradigm, yardstick, pattern, measure

8
What is a Practice?

• The exercise of a profession or occupation
• A frequent or usual action, habit, or usage
• The doing of something, often as an application
  of knowledge
• Synonyms custom, way, tradition, system, habit,
  routine, procedure, ritual

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What are some examples of Principles?

• Conduct
• Science mathematics
• Nature environment
• Society Law

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What are some examples of Standards?

• Quality
• Water
• Air
• Food Storage
• Maintenance
• Cars and Machinery
• Home repairs
• Parks--Acres per 1000 population

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What are some examples of Practices?

• Playground equipment
• Graffiti Vandalism
• Drainage Erosion
• Golf courses
• Buildings
• Interior
• Exterior
• Foundation

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How are standards set?

• Criteria Used
• Safety
• Aesthetics
• Practicality, etc.
• Who sets determines extent of compliance?
• Roles of Society and Law
• What is included in a standard?

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Written Statements of Principle

• A principle is a linguistic statementnot a
  single word. Safety may imply the existence
  of a principle or set of principles, but the word
  itself does not constitute a statement of
  Principle.
• Safety of visitors and employees is of paramount
  importance in park/tourism management. is a
  linguistic statement which defines a principle.

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• Sometimes, principles may be defined by a shorter
  catchy phrase such as Graffiti begets graffiti.
• A more appropriate linguistic statement might be
  The presence of graffiti or vandalism tends to
  promote or engender more of the same.

15
Where can we find standards for maintenance?

• Talk to professionals in the field
• Books and periodicals, especially those with a
  professional orientation
• The internet
• Equipment suppliers
• Laws, rules and regulations

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What kinds of problems do we encounter in using
standards?

• Interpretation of the language used
• Ambiguous statements
• Time when checked for compliance

17
Wisdom grows as knowledge shrinks,
and facts are swallowed up in
principles. --Dr. Edsko Jerry Dyksterhuis
Texas AM University, 1970
18
Check Your Understanding

• Who founded the first institute of higher
  learning? Where? When?
• How do the terms Wisdom and Knowledge differ?
  Define them and give an example.
• How do the terms Principle, Standard, and
  Practice differ? Define each and give an
  example.
• How are standards derived?

19
Who was Plato?

• A Greek philosopher taught by Socrates, his most
  famous pupil was Aristotle.
• He founded the Academy in Athens in 387 BC, the
  first institution of higher learning, which was
  closed in 529 AD by the Byzantine Emperor
  Justinian I.
• Remembered for his Dialogues.