Vehicle Recovery

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Vehicle Recovery
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Vehicle Recovery
Recovery by winching a tactical vehicle
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Objective
At the completion of this lesson, you (the
student), will be able to demonstrate the skills
and knowledge required to recover a tactical
wheeled vehicle by winching until it is free to
move under its own power. All procedures must be
performed without injury to personnel or damage
to equipment or surroundings.
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Vehicle Recovery
Recovery Procedure

• Reconnoiter the Area
• Estimate the situation
• Calculate the Situation
• Obtain the resistance
• Verify the Solution
• Erect the Rigging
• Recheck the Rigging
• You are READY

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Vehicle Recovery
Towing Vehicle
Refer to vehicle technical manual.
Move towed loads at slow speed.
Mark towing vehicle with warning lights or flags.
Use a wrecker whenever possible.
Use a tow bar.
Connect cables, chains, or ropes to pintle.
In cities or heavy traffic.
Proceed slowly at 5 to 10 MPH.
When using a tow bar, connect a chain between the
two vehicles.
Be sure a driver is in every motor vehicle being
towed.
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Vehicle Recovery
Characteristics and Types of Blocks
A Block consists of a shell or frame with one or
more grooved wheels called sheaves and a pin.
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Vehicle Recovery
Characteristics and Types of Blocks Conventional
Block
A conventional block is generally used where it
will remain in support of a rigging system.
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Vehicle Recovery
Characteristics and Types of Blocks Snatch Block
A Snatch block is used where it will not be a
permanent part of a tackle system and can be used
as required.
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Vehicle Recovery
Tackle
Tackle is a combination of ropes or cables and
blocks used to gain a mechanical
advantage. Simple tackle is one rope or cable
with one or more blocks
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Vehicle Recovery
Fundamentals of Mechanical Advantage
Overcoming Resistance

• Applying effort to overcome resistance has been
  a
• challenge to mankind
• An engine provides the effort to move a truck.
• Energy released be burning a small amount of
  fuel in
• an engine moves a truck weighing thousands of
  pounds

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Vehicle Recovery
Mechanical Advantage

• A mechanical advantage is a small amount of force
  applied
• over a long distance to move a great load a
  short distance.
• In other words, a mechanical advantage is the
  multiplication
• of force.
• A mechanical advantage is needed whenever the
  load
• resistance is greater than the capacity of the
  vehicle effort.

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Vehicle Recovery
Mechanical Advantage of Tackle
The mechanical advantage of any simple tackle
rigging is equal to the number of winch lines
supporting the load.
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Vehicle Recovery
Anchoring Vehicle

• Trees, stumps, or rocks are natural anchors
• Construct anchors when natural ones are not
  available
• The deadman is one of the best types of
  constructed anchors

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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Recovery

• Many military trucks are equipped with winches
• You need to know how to get the most from a
  winch
• without endangering personnel or abusing the
  equipment

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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Recovery

• Check the capacity of your winch
• Check the cable for rust, kinks, and frays
• Estimate the total resistance
• Check your equipment
• Select or provide a suitable anchor
• Rig and check rigging
• Clear personnel

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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Recovery Single-vehicle w/ winch
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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Recovery Single-vehicle w/o winch
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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Recovery Two-vehicle w/ two-part line
This simple hookup gives a 21 mechanical
advantage.
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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Recovery Two vehicle with three-part line
To get a mechanical advantage of 31 use two
snatch blocks-one at the load and one on the
winch vehicle
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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Recovery Two vehicles w/ four-part line
To get a 41 mechanical advantage, use two
snatch blocks-double sheave block for the load
and single block for the winch vehicle
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch
CAUTION!
Do not wind out winch cable when attached to
load. Load must be wound IN only, except when
using A-frame kit. Failure to do this will cause
damage to the winch brake drum.
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Preparation for Use
Park vehicle directly facing object Place
transmission select lever in N Apply parking
brake lever Turn ignition and battery switches to
OFF. Check oil level in hydraulic reservoir
CAUTION!
Do not proceed with operation if oil level is not
in RED area on dipstick. Damage to internal
components will result.
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Unwinding winch cable

• Free winch cable chain, and hook from truck
• Pull out drum lock knob, rotate 90 degrees and
  release
• Pull out required length of cable. Do not allow
  cable
• to knot or kink

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Vehicle Recovery
WARNING!
Wear hand protective gloves when handling
winch cable. Do not handle with bare hands.
Broken wires will cause injury.
CAUTION!
Leave at least four turns of cable on winch
drum. Refer to table 1-10 of the TM for winch
load capacities. Failure to do this will cause
damage to winch.
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of the Front Winch Rigging the Load
Attach a utility chain to lifting shackles or
pintle hook of load
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of the Front Winch Rigging the Load
If load is very heavy or deeply mired, install a
snatch block to increase winch pulling power.
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Vehicle Recovery
Rigging the Load

• Turn snatch block to the right
• Lift up rear of snatch block and open support
  link
• Insert cable
• Lift up rear of snatch block to lower and lock
  support
• link to snatch block hook.
• Return snatch block hook to original position
• Attach utility chain to lifting shackles or
  pintle hook
• of load.
• Attach snatch block hook to utility chain.

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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Rigging the Load
Disengage the brakes, transmission, and transfer
case of vehicle being retrieved.
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Pulling Load
WARNING!
Direct all personnel to stand clear of winch
cable during winch operation. A snapped winch
cable will result in injury or death.
NOTE
Pulling load requires two crewmembers.
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Pulling Load
Start engine Release hinged latch and pull clutch
lever as far back as it will go.
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Pulling Load

• Press lockout switch and shift transfer case
  shift lever
• into high range.
• With parking brake applied, place transmission
  selector
• lever in 1-5 (drive) and pull transmission
  power
• control lever back to ENGAGE.
• Return transmission selector takeoff lever to
  N (neutral)
• Pull front winch control lever back to wind and
  hold.
• Winch winding speed and pulling capacity is
  regulated by
• engine RPM.

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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Pulling Load
WARNING!
Do not operate winch erratically. Erratic
winding will result in a snapped cable causing
injury or death.
NOTE
Be sure each layer of cable winds evenly
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Pulling Load
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Pulling Load
Release winch control lever to stop winding.
Lever will return to neutral when released.
CAUTION!
If temperature is above 70 degrees F (21C),
stop winding operation by releasing winch control
lever after every 100 feet (30.5m) of cable has
been winched in. Stop operation for six minutes.
During this period leave truck engine idling and
power takeoff control lever engaged. Failure to
do so will cause damage to winch.
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Pulling Indirect Loads

• If vehicle cannot be lined up in a direct line
  with load,
• line vehicle up to a reliable go-between object
  such
• as a large tree.
• Unwind enough cable to reach go-between object
  and
• load.
• Attach snatch block to cable.
• Rig utility chain from go-between object to the
  snatch
• block. Attach cable chain to pintle hook or
  lifting shackles
• of load.

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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Pulling Indirect Loads
Wind cable. Stop winding when cable chain
reaches snatch block
NOTE
If load is on a slope, block wheels of load
before loosening cable.
Briefly push front winch control lever forward to
WINCH Cable unwind to loosen (unwind) to permit
removal of snatch block. Release winch control
lever to neutral Remove snatch block and utility
chain Continue wind operation
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Vehicle Recovery
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Vehicle Recovery
Operation of Front Winch Lifting and Lowering
Loads
An A-Frame is used with front winch for lifting
and lowering operations not not exceeding 3000
pounds
CAUTION!
Do not use winch to payout line loads for any
distance greater than 10 feet. Failure to do
this will result in damage to winch brake drum.
Rig winch cable chain and hook to load.
WARNING!
Do not lower load without a ground guide. Direct
all personnel to stand clear or lifting
operation. Swinging loads will cause injury or
death!
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Vehicle Recovery
Lifting and Lowering Loads
To lift load, follow same winding instructions as
pulling.
To lower load, Push winch control lever forward
to WINCH. Observe directions of guide. After
load has been lowered as indicated by guide,
release winch control lever to neutral. Direct
crewmember to maintain manual tension on cable
while load is unrigged.
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Vehicle Recovery
After Winch Operation
Direct crewmember to maintain manual tension on
cable Pull winch control lever back to
WIND. Watch ground guide for signal indication
that cable chain coupling is approaching
drum. Release winch control lever when signaled
by ground guide
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Vehicle Recovery
After Winch Operation
Direct crewmember to - Disengage drum clutch by
pushing clutch control lever toward winch. -
Swing hinged latch down to lock clutch
control lever in disengaged position. - Pull out
drum lock knob, rotate 90 degrees and release.
If necessary, rotate drum by hand to allow
drum lock plunger to engage. - Push transmission
power takeoff control lever forward to DISENGAGE.
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Vehicle Recovery
Preparing Winch for Travel
Put cable chain under and over right frame
extension then across top of bumper. Attach
cable hook to left lifting shackle Remove right
lifting shackle by unsnapping pin lock
and removing shackle bolt. Place chain through
lifting shackle and reinstall shackle.
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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Safety Cable

• A broken winch line reacts like a whip.
• Use both shackles whenever possible so effort is
  applied
• equally and damage to the vehicle is minimized.
• Never bend the wire cable at a sharp angle
• Straighten out all kinks and twists as you take
  up the slack.
• Do not let tracked vehicles run over the cable.

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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Safety Cable
WARNING!
Stand clear of a winch cable before it is
tightened. A cable being tightened may break and
whip back with enough force to seriously maim or
kill. After using the winch, have one person or
preferably two to pull back on the cable while it
is wound slowly and evenly on the drum. Keep the
cable lubricated according to the TM.
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Vehicle Recovery
Winch Safety Shear Pin

• When the winch is overloaded, the shear pin
  breaks to
• protect the cable.
• Never use makeshift shearing of unknown strength
  to
• replace a broken pin.
• Use only authorized replacement pins.
• Do not depend on the shear pin for protection.

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Vehicle Recovery
Hand and Arm Signals Pay Out the Winch Cable
The signal to PAY OUT WINCH CABLE is made
with with the arm bent, bringing the the hand in
front of the chest. The hand is moved down and
away from the body at belt level, circling back
to the chest. The circular back to the chest. The
circular motion is continued until the signal to
stop is given.
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Vehicle Recovery
Hand and Arm Signals Inhaul the Winch Cable
The signal to INHAUL THE WINCH CABLE is made by
pointing at the operator with index finger and
rotating the arm in a circular motion.
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Vehicle Recovery
Hand and Arm Signals Stop
The signal to STOP any action that is being
performed is given by clasping the hands together
with palms facing each other at chain level
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Summary

• Winching Procedures
• Towing Vehicle
• Block and Tackle Characteristics
• Mechanical Advantage
• Anchoring
• Winch Recovery
• Winch Safety
• Hand and Arm Signals

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