Respiration Under Water

1
Respiration Under Water

• Ben Baker
• Julia Sivakova
• Heidi Erchinger

2
Once Upon a Time

• Friar Pucker (FP), a member of Robin Hoods crew,
  in an attempt to escape the sheriffs soldiers
  dove into the mote. To be able to stay under
  water he used a hollow reed as a breathing
  apparatus. Unfortunately, after a short period
  of time he could not breathe sufficiently and was
  struggling to survive, which gave his position
  away.
• What went wrong?!?!?!?!?!?!?!

3
(No Transcript)
4
Tidal Volume

• The volume of air moved during a normal
  inspiration or expiration
• Friar Puckers tidal volume is 500 ml under
  normal breathing conditions.
• FPs tidal volume must increase at least by as
  much as the additional anatomic dead air space
• (reed volume ? r2 h 452ml)
• Without an increase in respiratory rate, tidal
  volume must increase to 952ml in order to
  maintain alveolar ventilation rate.

5
Residual Volume

• The volume of air left in the lungs after maximum
  exhalation.
• Most of the residual volume exists because the
  lungs adhere to the thoracic wall and normally do
  not completely collapse.

Residual volume is like a tube of toothpaste -
there is always some toothpaste left in the tube
no matter how hard you try to get it all out.
6
Respiratory Rate

• The number of breaths taken per minute
• The normal respiratory rate is 12 resp/min
• FPs respiratory rate must increase because his
  body will try to compensate for the artificial
  increase in anatomic dead air space by taking
  deeper, more rapid breaths.

7
Total Pulmonary Ventilation

• The volume of air moved in and out of lungs each
  minute
• TPV Respiratory rate x Tidal volume
• Normal TPV 6000 ml/min
• FPs TPV will increase because we anticipate that
  both tidal volume and respiratory rate will
  increase

8
Fresh Air to Alveoli

• Measurement of the amount air that reaches
  alveoli and that can be used for gas exchange
• FAA Tidal volume Anatomic Dead Air Space
• Normal FAA 500ml -150ml 350ml
• FPs 700ml - (150ml 452ml) 98ml
• Because FP is essentially recycling the same
  air, the partial pressure gradients will more
  quickly approach equilibrium because they are not
  as steep. He will suffer hypoxia and hypercapnia.

9
Alveolar Ventilation Rate

• The amount of fresh air that reaches the alveoli
  per minute
• AVR Fresh air to alveoli x Respiration rate
• This is a better way to measure the rate at which
  air is made available for gas exchange
• Normal alveolar ventilation rate
• 350ml x 12 4200 ml/min
• FPs estimated alveolar ventilation rate
• 98ml x 20 1960 ml/min
• (assuming his respiratory rate increases to
  20/min)

10

• And the moral of the story dont SCUBA dive
  without the proper gear.