Preliminary Research on Distributed WSNs Simulator

1
Preliminary Research on Distributed WSNs
Simulator
Hongsheng Lin linhongsheng20_at_163.com 18/09/2009
2
Outline

• Introduction
• Related Works
• Motivation
• Preliminary Approach
• Evaluation
• References

3
Introduction

• Wireless Sensor Networks
• Networks consisting of independent,
  collaborating nodes that can sense, process, and
  exchange data as well as act upon the data
  content.
• Characteristics
• Resource limited
• Large scale
• Network topology unstable
• Data centric
• Application specific

1 Mauri Kuorilehto, Marko Hännikäinen, Timo
D.Hämäläinen, "A Survey of Application
Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks",
Journal on Wireless Communications and
Networking, Special Issue on Ad Hoc Networks
Cross-Layer Issues, December 15, 2005, Vol.2005,
Issue 5, pp. 774-788, EURASIP
4
Introduction

• WSNs Testing
• Simulation
• Testbeds
• Field Testing
• WSNs simulation
• Help to get the code logically correct
• Easy for re-programming
• Speed up development and debugging
• Cost effective

5
Related works

• Simulators
• NS-2 (SensorSim), GloMoSim, OPNET
• J-Sim, SENSE, OMNet, Sidh, SENS
• Emulators
• TOSSIM
• ATEMU (Avrora)
• EmSim/EmCee

4 D.Curren, "A Survey of Simulation in Sensor
Networks," project report (CS580), University of
Binghamton, 2005
6
Related works

• NS-2
• The most popular simulation tools for WSNs
• Discrete event model
• Object-oriented (C, OTcl)
• Packet level simulation
• Pros
• Good extensibility to network protocols
• Cons
• Bad scalability
• Lack of customization
• Lack of an application model

5 The Network Simulatorns-2.
http//www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns
7
Related works

• TOSSIM
• TinyOS mote simulator
• Scales to thousands of nodes
• Compiles directly from TinyOS source
• Simulates network at bit level
• Discrete event model

8 P.Levis, N.Lee, M.Welsh, and D.Culler,
"TOSSIM Accurate and scalable simulation of
entire TinyOS applications," in Proceedings of
SenSys'03, First ACM Conference on Embedded
Networked Sensor Systems, 2003.
8
Related works

• TOSSIM architecture

9
Related works

• ATEMU
• Instruction level simulator
• Emulate AVR instruction set
• Support different programs
• Symbolic debugging support
• source-level stepping
• run-time variable inspection
• Not scalable and bad performance

10 J.Polley, D.Blazakis, J.McGee, D.Rusk,
J.S.Baras, and M.Karir, "ATEMU A fine-grained
sensor network simulator," in Proceedings of
SECON'04, First IEEE Communications Society
Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications
and Networks, 2004.
10
Related works
lt?xml version"1.0" encoding"utf-8"?gt ltconfigurat
ion title"Common MICA2 features"
xmlns"http//www.cshcn.umd.edu/research/atemu/"gt
lt!-- Include the AVR Atmel128L processor
description --gt ltinclude href"ateml128"gt
lt!-- Frequency of main system clock --gt
ltparam name"oscillator" value"7.3728MHz" /gt
lt!-- Frequency of TIMER0's asynchronous
clock --gt ltparam name"asynccrystal"
value"32kHz" /gt lt/includegt
for each node if node running and not
sleeping step cycle if interrupt PC
interrupt vector address for each device tick
device clock
high-level operation of ATEMU
11
Related works

• Avrora
• Java based, extend ATEMU
• Cycle-accurate simulation
• Multi-threading
• Event quene
• Effcient synchronization

11 Ben L.Titzer, Daniel K.Lee, Jens Palsberg.
"Avrora Scalable Sensor Network Simulation With
Precise Timing." Proceedings of IPSN'05, Fourth
International Conference on Information
Processing in Sensor Networks, 2005.
12
Related works

• Emstar
• A linux-based framework based on 32-bits iPAQ
  microserver
• EmSim/EmCee
• Virtual nodes run in parallel interacting with a
  simulated environment and radio channel
• Limitation can only run in real time
• More focus on complex application build on higher
  performance platforms

9 L.Girod, J.Elson, A.Cerpa, T.Stathopoulos,
N.Ramanathan, and D.Estrin, "Emstar a software
environment for developing and deploying
wireless sensor networks," in Proceedings of the
USENIX Technical Conference, 2004.
13
Related works

• Problems
• Difficult to simulate a heterogeneous WSNs with
  large scale of nodes
• Simulation does not consider network
  communication collision

14
Motivation

• Heterogeneous
• Sensor nodes in a large scale system may run
  different program and interact with each other
• When different sensor networks interact with each
  other , heterogeneous network simulation support
  is needed

15
Motivation

• Example Forest fire detection system
• 1. Former deployment

Sink Node
Routers
Sensor nodes
16
Motivation

• Example Forest fire detection system
• 2. Routers run out of energy and fail

Sink Node
X
X
Routers
X
Sensor nodes
17
Motivation

• Example Forest fire detection system
• 3. New nodes deployed for new protocol

Sink Node
X
X
Routers
X
New nodes
Sensor nodes
Former nodes
18
Motivation

• Testing this situation need new simulator
• NS-2
• Not for WSN application testing
• TOSSIM
• Not able to simulate different programs
• ATEMU
• Not scalable enough
• Simulate the environment simply (Avrora)
• Emstar
• Not for different programs
• Performance limited

19
Motivation

• Communication Collision
• Fidelity in wireless communication
• No accurate parallel communication is simulated
  on single machine

B
A
D
C
When A, B, C send packets to D simultaneously,
what should D received?
20
Preliminary approach

• Distributed simulator
• Extend TOSSIM to support multiple instances
  communication to solve the problem of
  heterogeneous networks
• Communication between different TOSSIMs to
  simulate the collision

21
Preliminary approach

• Distributed simulator

Control Center
Control Channel
TOSSIM1
TOSSIMn
TOSSIM2

Data Channel
22
Preliminary approach

• Problems need to be solved
• Synchronization of TOSSIM event
• Event model in TOSSIM
• Discrete event model
• Event queue
• Events in different TOSSIM need to be synchronized

23
Preliminary approach

• Tossim discrete event model

opt
24
Preliminary approach

• Solve approach

25
Preliminary approach

• Problems need to be solved
• Data Communication between multiple Tossim
• Data communication in one TOSSIM
• Simply copy the packet from the place for the
  sender to the place for the receiver
• Packets transmit between two nodes in different
  TOSSIMs need to be disseminated through
  simulating network

26
Preliminary approach

• TOSSIM communication components

27
Preliminary approach

• TOSSIM communication activities

transmitter
receiver
28
Preliminary approach
29
Evaluation

• Test heterogeneous application
• CnfToRfm and RfmToLeds
• Use the applications of previous example
• Scale to thousands of nodes
• Communication collision
• Several nodes send packets to one node
  simultaneously

30
References

• 1 Mauri Kuorilehto, Marko Hännikäinen, Timo
  D.Hämäläinen, "A Survey of Application
  Distribution in Wireless Sensor Networks",
  Journal on Wireless Communications and
  Networking, Special Issue on Ad Hoc Networks
  Cross-Layer Issues, December 15, 2005, Vol.2005,
  Issue 5, pp. 774-788, EURASIP.
• 2 F.L.Lewis.  "Wireless sensor networks". In
  D.J.Cook and S.K.Das, editors, Smart
  Environments Technologies, Protocols, and
  Applications, New York, 2004. John Wiley.
• 3 I.F.Akyildiz, W.Su, Y.Sankarasubramaniam, and
  E.Cayirci, "Wireless sensor networks a survey",
  Computer Networks, vol.38, no.4, pp.393-422,
  2002.
• 4 D.Curren, "A Survey of Simulation in Sensor
  Networks," project report (CS580), University of
  Binghamton, 2005.
• 5 The Network Simulatorns-2.
  http//www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns.
• 6 S.Park, A.Savvides, and M.Srivastava,
  "Sensorsim a simulation framework for sensor
  networks," in Proceedings of MSWiM'00, 3rd ACM
  International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis and
  Simulation of Wireless and Mobile Systems, 2000,
  pp.104-111.
• 7 TinyOS Community Forum, http//www.tinyos.net.
  

31
References

• 8 P.Levis, N.Lee, M.Welsh, and D.Culler,
  "TOSSIM Accurate and scalable simulation of
  entire TinyOS applications," in Proceedings of
  SenSys'03, First ACM Conference on Embedded
  Networked Sensor Systems, 2003.
• 9 L.Girod, J.Elson, A.Cerpa, T.Stathopoulos,
  N.Ramanathan, and D.Estrin, "Emstar a software
  environment for developing and deploying wireless
  sensor networks," in Proceedings of the USENIX
  Technical Conference, 2004.
• 10 J.Polley, D.Blazakis, J.McGee, D.Rusk,
  J.S.Baras, and M.Karir, "ATEMU A fine-grained
  sensor network simulator," in Proceedings of
  SECON'04, First IEEE Communications Society
  Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc Communications
  and Networks, 2004.
• 11 Ben L.Titzer, Daniel K.Lee, Jens Palsberg.
  "Avrora Scalable Sensor Network Simulation With
  Precise Timing." Proceedings of IPSN'05, Fourth
  International Conference on Information
  Processing in Sensor Networks, 2005.
• 12 Zhang Y, Li W. "An Integrated Environment
  for Testing Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks", In
  Proceedings of the Third ACM International
  Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and
  Computing (MobiHoc 2002), Lausanne.
• 13 M.Dyer, J.Beutel, L.Thiele, T.Kalt, P.Oehen,
  K.Martin, and P.Blum, "Deployment support network
  - a toolkit for the development of WSNs", in
  Proc. 4th European Workshop on Sensor Networks
  (EWSN 2007), ser. Lecture Notes in Computer
  Science, vol. 4373. Springer, Berlin, Jan. 2007,
  pp. 195211.

32
References

• 14 G.Werner-Allen, P.Swieskowski, and M.Welsh,
  "MoteLab A wireless sensor network testbed", in
  Proceedings of 4th International Conf.
  Information Processing Sensor Networks (IPSN'05).
  IEEE, Piscataway, NJ, Apr. 2005, pp.483488.
• 15 Victor Shnayder, Mark Hempstead, Bor-rong
  Chen, Geoff Werner Allen, and Matt Welsh.
  Simulating the power consumption of large-scale
  sensor network applications. In SenSys'04
  Proceedings of the 2nd international conference
  on Embedded networked sensor systems, pages
  188200, New York, NY, USA, 2004. ACM Press.
• 16 ???, ??. P-TOSSIM ????TinyOS??????????????.
  ????? ?25? ?12?, 2005?12?, pages 2968-2970