Keith Olson

1
Real-time Accessible Data Networking (RADNET)

• Keith Olson
• Los Alamos National Laboratory
• Nuclear Materials Information Management (NMT-3)
• Email Kolson_at_lanl.gov
• Phone[phone]
• Fax[phone]
• RadNet Web Site Http//www-rad-net.Net

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What Is RadNet ?

• RadNet is a standard method for instrumentation
  to transmit their data and status across the
  internet/intranet.

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RadNets Mission Is To Allow Integration

• The purpose of RadNet is to provide a common
  mechanism for integration of instrumentation.
• In the computer industry, we see integration
  everywhere
• Microsoft word integrates with excel, access,
  PowerPoint (MS office), and Office is integrated
  with the operating system.
• Oracle database is integrated with oracle
  internet application server (IAS), and IAS is
  integrated with oracle developer tools.

4
Four Questions That Any RadNet Protocol Must
Answer

• What Is It (CAM, PCM, etc)?
• Who/Where Is It?
• What Were The Readings?
• Was The Instrument Working Properly?

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How TCP Works
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How UDP Works
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What Are Ports?
Use of ports allow different applications to
access data coming from the network, which is why
one can read email and surf the Internet at the
same time.
HTTP Port 80
Internet
FTP Port 20
SMTP Port 25
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Network Settings Required To Connect To The
Network

• IP address - required
• Gateway (router) - optional
• Domain Name System (DNS) optional
• Host list (required for the instrument)
• Port (required for transmit and receive)

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What Is A Host List?
Used to say where the instrument sends the data.
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How RadNet Is Packaged On A Ethernet Network
Ethernet Frame
IP Frame
TCP/UDP Frame
RadNet Data
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How RadNet Compares to The Internet Protocol SNMP
Ethernet Frame
Ethernet Frame
IP Frame
IP Frame
UDP Frame
UDP Frame
RadNet Data
SNMP Data
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Ethernet Rules Of Thumb

• At 30 of bandwidth usage, network collisions are
  noticeable .
• At 80 of bandwidth usage, the network becomes
  unstable.

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UDP/IP Directed Packet Example
Gateway Address 172.17.1.241
IP Address 172.17.1.2
Gateway Address 172.17.4.241
IP Address 172.17.1.1 Send to Addresses
172.17.1.1 172.17.4.2 172.17.5.2
IP Address 172.17.4.2
Gateway Address 172.17.5.241
IP Address 172.17.5.2
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UDP/IP Router Based Broadcast Packet Example
Gateway Address 172.17.1.241
IP Address 172.17.1.2
IP Address 172.17.1.3
Gateway Address 172.17.4.241
IP Address 172.17.1.1 Send to Addresses
172.17.1.255 172.17.4.255 172.17.5.255
IP Address 172.17.1.1
IP Address 172.17.4.1
IP Address 172.17.4.2
Gateway Address 172.17.5.241
IP Address 172.17.5.1
IP Address 172.17.5.2
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IP/UDP Router/switch Based Broadcast Packet
Example
Gateway Address 172.17.1.241
IP Address 172.17.1.2
IP Address 172.17.1.3
IP Address 172.17.1.1 Send to Addresses
172.17.1.255 172.17.4.255 172.17.5.255
IP Address 172.17.1.1
IP Address 172.17.4.1
IP Address 172.17.4.2
IP Address 172.17.5.1
IP Address 172.17.5.2
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Why RadNet Prefers UDP/IP Over TCP/IP
TCP - Connections require 7 messages to make the
connection and 4 more message for each data
packets. RadNet - Requires 1 packet to ship the
data and 1 packet to acknowledge receipt of the
data. TCP - Can have a large time delay waiting
to connect to a device. Depending upon the
time-out setting, can be as large as 60
milliseconds (if no connection is made).
Reliability using TCP - Connection must be
closed/ reestablished each time data requested.
Because Internet is a connectionless
implementation, no assurance that a connection
will remain open.
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IP/TCP Overhead Example
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Example Of TCP/IP of Data Loss
Network Error Destination Port Unreachable
Data Transfer Between The Two
Request To Connect
Request To Connect
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TCP vs. UDP Comparison Chart
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TCP vs. UDP Comparison Chart
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TCP vs. UDP Comparison Chart
Multiple Monitoring Computers, Single Reading (1
Data Packet) , Rate 1 second
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TCP vs. UDP Comparison Chart
Multiple Monitoring Computers, Single Reading (1
Data Packet) , Rate Various
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TCP vs. UDP Broadcast Comparison Chart
Multiple Monitoring Computers, Single Reading (1
Data Packet) , Rate 1 minute
Note 250 monitoring computers would equal 1
subnet, 500 2, 750 3, 1000 4 and 1250 5,
etc. This chart assumes a router based network.
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How Do You Detect If An Instrument Quits Sending
Data?

• First Packet Received - Monitoring Software
  Learns About the Instrument
• Second Packet Received - Monitoring Software
  Calculates Its Frequency
• Monitoring Computer Has Not Received A Packet
  Within The Given Frequency - Take Some Action
• Note No different than someone turning off the
  power on an instrument. How does one detect that
  event with Process Control software?

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What Actions Can Be Taken By The Monitoring
Computer

• The Computer Can Issue A RadNet Request Message
  (Asking The Instrument To Send Its Current
  Data).
• If No Response Is Received
• Page Users.
• Email Users.
• Make Database Entry.
• Update Computer Screens.
• Send A RadNet Message To All Monitoring Computers
  Indicating An Instrument Problem.

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New Message Types Being Added To Enhance RadNet

• Acknowledge receipt message
• Raw data message/request

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RadNet Acknowledge Receipt Message

• Purpose - To allow a server/monitoring computer
  to acknowledge the receipt of data.
• Used in the event the RadNet system needs
  assurances that the monitoring computer has
  received the data from the instrument.

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How RadNet Provides Data Assurance (Data
Reliability of TCP)
1) Instrument Sends Data on Port 16367
2) Monitoring Computer Sends Acknowledge Receipt
Message on Port 16368
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Request/Transmit Raw Data Message

• Purpose - To allow an instrument to transmit data
  outside the scope of RadNet.
• For example The instrument may pass its
  calibration settings or raw data readings prior
  to being formatted for RadNet packet.

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Current RadNet Working Group Projects

• Portable Instrument Protocol
• Radiation Gateway Portal Monitor Protocol
• Security Seals Protocol
• Audio and Video Protocol
• Meteorological Tower Protocol

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Current Projects Continued

• Gamma Spec Protocol
• Acknowledge Receipt Message
• Raw Data Message and Protocol
• Converting the documentation from HTML to MS Word
  and PDF format.
• Making RadNet an ANSI and IEC standard

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Instruments Outside Original Scope Of RadNet

• Meteorological Towers Instrument
• Video and Audio Support
• Security Seals
• Oil Field Sensors
• Bottle Manufacturing Machines
• Command and Control Centers

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What Other Areas May RadNet Be Used For?

• Biological Monitoring
• Electrical Grid Monitoring

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RadNet Being Used For Homeland Defense

• Kirtland Air Force Base
• Kings Bay Naval Base
• Fort Leonard Wood Army Base
• Camp Lejeune Marine Corps Base
• New York City
• US Customs

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Where RadNet is Deployed

• Raying Technology Company
• RADOS Technology, Inc
• Canberra Electronique
• BWXT
• Comanche Peak

• Department of Mechanical Nuclear Engineering,
  Kansas State University.
• Texas AM University
• TXU Electric

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Where RadNet is Deployed

• Gerdau Ameristeel
• CBFO, Newport MI
• Foster Wheeler Env Corp, Oak Ridge TN
• Gambel Technologies LTD.

• Commonwealth Edison
• NeuroTech, England
• Southern Scientific LTD.
• New Mexico Tech.
• TBA
• Detroit Edison

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Where Is RadNet Being Deployed Internationally

• Temellin, Czech Republic
• Bohunibice, Slovakia
• France, CEA
• Canada
• Cogema, Korea
• Spain
• United Kingdom (BNFL)

• Vilnius International Airport, Lithuania
• Canada (TRIUMF)
• Tunisia
• Taiwan
• Spedition WISPED International, Vienna Austria

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Where Is RadNet Being Deployed in the DOE Complex

• DOE, CH2M Hill Mound Inc
• DOE, Argonne National Laboratory
• DOE, Oak Ridge
• DOE, Idaho Falls
• DOE, Sandia National Lab
• DOE WIPP

• DOE, Los Alamos National Laboratory
• DOE Savannah River
• DOE, Hanford (Flour)
• DOE, Hanford (Bechtel)
• DOE, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

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Solution Benefits

• Existing Network Architecture Can Be Used For
  Implementation
• Networking Protocol Is Built Into The Microsoft
  Operating Systems
• Off-the-shelf Hardware Can Be Used To Implement A
  New System
• New Existing RAD Instruments Can Be Networked

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Solution Benefits Continued

• Supports Email, Paging, Databases.
• Allows Any Computer To Became A Radiation Monitor
• Security Can Be Implemented At Several Levels
• The System Works (Must Have A Data Port) With
  Different Families of Radiation Instrumentation
  (CAMs, PCMs, Area Monitors)

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Los Alamos CMR/TA-55 RadNet Demo
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RadNet Web Site Demo
HTTP//www.rad-net.net
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Simple RadNet Network Using The Alpha-7 CAM Demo
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New RadNet Hardware

• RadNet Smart Camera
• RadNet Security Seals