Ch.1 Invitation to Biology

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Ch.1 Invitation to Biology

• OCC BIO 114
• Created by Dave Werner

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What is Biology?

• BioLife, ologyStudy of, so Biology is the
  study of life.
• Biologists are interested in Nature.
• Discoveries from atoms to organisms.
• Discovered a great pattern of Organization.
• Take a look at p.4, figure 1.2

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Figure 1.2

• A. atomssmallest units of natures substances
  electrons, protons, nuetrons
• B. moleculescarbohydrates,
• lipids, proteins, DNA, RNA

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Figure 1.2

• C. Cellssmallest units of life, make up species
• D. Tissuemade of cells
• (picture-mouse kidney)

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Figure 1.2

• E. Organmade of tissues
• F. Oran Systemorgans
• working together
• ex skin

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Figure 1.2

• G. Multicelled Organism
• H. Populationgroup of individuals of the same
  species occupying a specified area.

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Figure 1.2

• I. Communityall populations of all species
  occupying a specified area.
• Ecosystema community interacting with its
  physical and chemical environment. Ex estuary

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Figure 1.2

• K. Biosphereall regions of Earths waters,
  crust, and atmosphere that hold organisms.

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Section 1.2 Overview of Lifes Unity

• Energy and Lifes Organization-All living things
  depend on Energy
• Energy transfer involves producers and consumers
  (fig. 1.3)

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Organisms Sense Respond to Change

• Use Receptors to help
• Must maintain Homeostasis

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Organisms grow and reproduce

• DNA Signature molecule of life
• Transmitted through inheritance
• Reproduction Development
• Differentiation of cells during embryonic
  development

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Section 1.3 If So Much Unity, Why So Many Species?

• Lifes Classification - created by Carolus
  Linnaeus - genus species
• Ex Calinectes sapidus
• TWO major Domains - Can you name them?
• Prokaryotes - Bacteria (Archae Eubacteria)
• Eukaryotes - Protists, Fungi, Plantae Animals

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Section 1.4 An Evolutionary View of Diversity

• How can organisms be so much alike and still show
  tremendous diversity?
• One theory is Evolution by way of Natural
  Selection
• Who developed the theory of Natural Selection?
• Charles Darwin
• What is your idea of Evolution?
• Figure 1.9

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Natural Selection/Evolution
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Section 1.5 The Nature of Biological Inquiry

• Scientific Method
• 1. Observations
• 2. Hypothesis
• 3. Prediction - If, then statement
• 4. Test/Experiment
• 5. Conclusion
• 6. Repeat

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Section 1.6 The Power of Experimental Tests

• Experiments are tests that can simplify
  observation in nature, b/c conditions under which
  observations are made can be controlled.
• Well-designed experiments test predictions about
  what you will find in nature when a hypothesis is
  correct-or wont find if it is wrong.

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Experiments

• Variable-feature of an object or event of
  interest that may differ over time and among
  individuals.
• Control Group - a standard against
• Experimental Groups

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Example of Experimental Design (fig. 1.10)

• 1996- FDA approved Olestra, a synthetic fat
  replacement made from sugar and vegetable oil, as
  a food additive.
• Complaints of bad cramps
• Experiment - 1,100 people
• Control group17.6 w/ cramps
• Experimantal group15.8 w/ cramps
• How would you explain the results?
• Results yielded no evidence of Olestra chips
  causing cramps.

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Field Experiments (fig. 1.11)

• Mimicry was tested with two species of
  butterflies.
• Birds avoid eating toxic butterflies (yellow
  markings on wings)
• Found that Yellow-free winged butterflies were
  eaten
• Also provides evidence of N.S. in action.

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Section 1.7 The Limits of Science

• Explanations about nature must be testable in
  the external world, in ways that others can
  repeat.

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Where will we go this semester?

• Chemistry/Molecules of Life
• Cell Structure and Function
• Cell Membranes/Diffusion Osmosis
• Metabolism
• Photosynthesis/ Cell Respiration
• Cell Reproduction
• Hereditary Patterns/Inheritance
• Chromosomes/DNA
• Genetics
• Evolution