C H A P T E R

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C H A P T E R
Life at the Turn of the 20th Century
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINE
Science and Urban Life
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SECTION
MAP
Expanding Public Education
2
SECTION
GRAPH
Segregation and Discrimination
3
SECTION
The Dawn of Mass Culture
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SECTION
VISUAL SUMMARY
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C H A P T E R
Life at the Turn of the 20th Century
To analyze significant turn-of-the-20th-century
trends in such areas as technology, education,
race relations, and mass culture
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C H A P T E R
Life at the Turn of the 20th Century
I N T E R A C T
W I T H H I S T O R Y
It is the summer of 1893. In Chicago, the Worlds
Columbian Exposition is in full swing. Besides
Thomas Edisons kinetographa camera that records
motion, attractions include a towering Ferris
wheel that lifts trolley cars into the sky and
the first hamburgers in America. More than 21
million people will attend the exposition. You
will be one of them.
How will the latest technology change your life?
Examine the Issues
How can technology contribute to new forms of
recreation?
What types of inventions transform
communications?
Why would mass media emerge at this time?
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C H A P T E R
Life at the Turn of the 20th Century
The United States
The World
continued . . .
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C H A P T E R
Life at the Turn of the 20th Century
The United States
The World
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MAP
KEY IDEA
Advances in science and technology address urban
problems, including lack of space and inadequate
systems of transportation and communication.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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MAP
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
American cities continue to depend on the results
of scientific and technological research.
Advances in science and technology helped solve
urban problems, including overcrowding.
TERMS NAMES
ASSESSMENT
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MAP
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List three to four important changes in
city design, communication, and transportation.
City Design
Communication
Transportation
continued . . .
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MAP
2. If you had been an urban planner at the turn
of the century, what new ideas would you have
included in your plan for the ideal city? Think
About
Olmsteds plans for Central Park
Burnhams ideas for Chicago
the concept of the garden city
ANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSESAdditional recreational
facilities an increased number of parks
skyscrapers electric transit steel-cable
suspension bridges
continued . . .
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3. Which scientific or technological development
described in this section had the greatest impact
on American culture?
ANSWER
POSSIBLE RESPONSES air travel low-cost
printing urban planning
continued . . .
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4. How did bridge building contribute to the
growth of cities?
ANSWER
Outward expansion of cities increased travel to
and from cities encouraged technological advance
in other areas catalyst for upward growth
skyscrapers
End of Section 1
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GRAPH
KEY IDEA
The impulses of moral uplift and economic
necessity spur changes in education, a rise in
national literacy, and the promotion of high
culture.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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GRAPH
OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Reforms in public education led to a rise in
national literacy and the promotion of public
education.
The public education system is the foundation of
the democratic ideals of American society.
TERMS NAMES
ASSESSMENT
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GRAPH
1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List at least three developments in
education at the turn of the 20th century and
their major results.
Development
Result
Compulsory education
1.
Literacy increased
1.
Growth of high schools
2.
College enrollments increased
2.
3.
Racial discrimination
3.
All-black colleges founded
continued . . .
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GRAPH
2. How might the economy and culture of the
United States have been different without the
expansion of public schools? Think About
the goals of public schools and whether those
goals have been met
why people supported expanding public education
the impact of public schools on the development
of private schools
ANSWER
Less economic growth, immigrants slower to adapt
to American life, decrease in college enrollment
continued . . .
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GRAPH
3. Compare and contrast the views of Booker T.
Washington and W. E. B. Du Bois on the subject of
the education of African Americans.
ANSWER
Du Bois liberal arts education to produce
African-American leaders Washington acquiring
useful skills and teaching diploma in order for
African Americans to be of economic value to
society
End of Section 2
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KEY IDEA
African Americans lead the fight against
institutionalized racism in the form of voting
restrictions and Jim Crow laws.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
African Americans led the fight against voting
restrictions and Jim Crow laws.
Today, African Americans have the legacy of a
century-long battle for civil rights.
TERMS NAMES
ASSESSMENT
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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. Review the section, and find four key
events that occurred between 1890 and 1900 to
discuss in further detail.
Early 1900s Mexicans settle in the Southwest.
1896 Plessy v. Ferguson
1890s Ida B. Wells anti-lynching campaign
Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois emerge
as leaders.
1900 New York City race riot
continued . . .
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2. How did segregation and discrimination affect
the lives of African Americans at the turn of the
20th century?
ANSWER
African Americans were victimized by voting
restrictions, Jim Crow laws, and the separate
but equal doctrine established by Plessy v.
Ferguson.
continued . . .
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3. What did some African-American leaders do to
fight discrimination?
ANSWER
Ida B. Wells fought lynching Homer Plessy took
his case to the Supreme Court Booker T.
Washington advocated a gradual approach to racial
equality W. E. B. Du Bois founded the NAACP.
continued . . .
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4. How did the challenges and opportunities for
Mexicans in the United States differ from those
for African Americans? Think About
the types of work available to each group
the effects of government policies on each
group
the effect of the legal system on each group
ANSWER

• POSSIBLE RESPONSES
• Mexicans in the United States faced
  discrimination, but it was not legalized as was
  discrimination against African Americans.
• There were job opportunities for Mexicans, but
  they were low-paying.

End of Section 3
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KEY IDEA
Americans have more time for leisure activities,
and a modern mass culture emerges, especially
through newspapers and retail advertising.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
As Americans had more time for leisure
activities, a modern mass culture emerged.
Today, the United States has a worldwide impact
on mass culture.
TERMS NAMES
ASSESSMENT
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1. Look at the graphic to help organize your
thoughts. List examples of how modern mass
culture emerged for both categories listed in the
diagram?
bicycling
tennis
baseball
newspapers
popular fiction
continued . . .
libraries
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2. How did American methods of selling goods
change at the turn of the 20th century? Think
About
how city people did their shopping
how rural residents bought goods
how merchants advertised their products
ANSWER
Goods were advertised or sold in mail-order
catalogs, newspapers and magazines, railroad
signs, billboards, and shopping centers.
End of Section 4