Acer x freemanii

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Acer x freemanii JeffersredAutumn Blaze
maple

• SIZE Medium tree
• HABIT Oval - rounded, dense crown
• FOL Rich green in summer long-lasting
  orange-red in fall deeply lobed leaf similar to
  Acer saccharinum
• FL. FR. Red in Spring a mix of male and
  female and hermaphroditic flowers fruit a
  reddish samara in early summer

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CULTURE Tolerates most soils tolerates air
pollution but not a great urban tree does not
like salt! PESTS none serious USE Specimen tree
for lawn, street, or park MISC. Selected in the
1960s by nurseryman Glenn Jeffers in Fostoria,
OH. Introduced in 1980. From seedlings
collected from a cross of A. rubrum x A.
saccharinum. A. x freemanii was first developed
in 1933 at the U.S. National Arboretum by Oliver
Freeman
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Acer negundoboxelder
SIZE Medium tree HABIT Rounded typically
ragged and irregular
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FOLIAGE Bright green pinnately compound
leaf!
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BARK Mature bark is grayish brown with some
ridges and furrows. Twigs tend to be covered
with a glucose bloom.
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FLOWERS and FRUIT Dioecious, yellow-green in
Spring male flowers in corymbs female in racemes
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Corymb

• A flat-topped collection of flowers

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Raceme

• A collection of flowers on a stalk which
  typically open starting at the bottom and working
  their way upwards

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• CULTURE Performs well in poor, wet or dry
  soils pH adaptable. Will survive where other
  trees will not!

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PESTS Anthracnose, leaf spot, and powdery
mildew boxelder bugs USE Weedy, trash
tree use only where all other trees
fail! MISC. Flamingo pink shoots with
green leaves and white margins. Plant a male
selection to eliminate messy female samaras
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Acer negundo Kellys Gold
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Acer negundo Variegatum
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Acer platanoidesNorway maple

• SIZE Medium
• HABIT Rounded, symmetrical crown dense

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FOLIAGE Dark green, changing to yellow leaves
persist on the tree late in the fall
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BARK Grayish black with some ridges at maturity.

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FLOWERS and FRUIT Perfect, yellow to
greenish-yellow in corymbs in April before the
leaves (somewhat showy) schizocarp 4 long,
140o angle
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• CULTURE Soil adaptable tolerates sand and
  clay pH adaptable tolerates air pollution
  (ozone and sulfur dioxide) tolerates some shade
  will NOT tolerate 2,4-D (a broadleaf
  herbicide) easily transplanted

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PESTS Leaf scorch sun scald
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USE Lawn, street, or park tree
over-planted MISC. Invasive! difficult to
grow turf underneath Columnare upright
form Crimson King red leaves
Drummondii white margin.
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Acer platanoides Columnare
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Acer platanoides Crimson King
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Acer platanoides Drummondii
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Acer platanoides Globosum
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Acer platanoides (Dwarf Forms)
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Acer platanoides Bailpride
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Acer rubrumred maple

• SIZE Medium to Large
• HABIT Pyramidal/elliptical when young
• Irregular to rounded crown when mature

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FOL Dark green above and grayish below new
leaves are reddish yellow to red in fall
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BARK soft gray or gray brown with prominent
target facing
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FL. FR. Red flowers in dense clusters before
leaves (showy) which are male, female or mixed
reddish schizocarp with samaras at a 60o angle
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• CULTURE Tolerates most soils tolerates air
  pollution but not a great urban tree does not
  tolerate salt well
• PESTS chlorosis at high pH due to manganese
  deficiency

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USE Specimen tree for lawn, street, or
parkMISC. Often one of the first trees to
color in fall fall color is inconsistent and a
cultivar must be used to assure a red color such
as Red Sunset ( A. rubrum Franksred) which is
very cold-hardy commonly used
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Acer rubrum 'Columnare'
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Acer saccharinumsilver maple

• SIZE Large
• HABIT Oval to rounded
• crown, pendulous branchlets
• are upturned

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FOL Medium green above and gray-silver below
can be a nice butter-yellow in fall
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BARK similar to A. rubrum when young.
At maturity becomes gray with ridges and
furrowes.
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FL. FR. Greenish-yellow (apetalous) open
before leaves and before A. rubrum flowers in
dense clusters and are male, female, or mixed
largest schizocarp (4) with samaras at 90o
angle
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• CULTURE Tolerates most soils tolerates poor
  soil prefers moist soil very easy to grow
• PESTS Many... anthracnose, leaf hopper,
  cottony maple scale manganese chlorosis at high
  pH

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USE Good for fast shade or rugged conditions
becomes a liability with age roots will buckle
sidewalks and clog drainsMISC. Trees break up
in ice weak-wooded
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Acer saccharumsugar maple

• SIZE Large
• HABIT Rounded to upright
• oval cultivar dependent

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FOL Medium green (lighter than A. platanoides)
yellow and orange in fall (some reds), typically
all colors on one tree!
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BARK Extremely variable. Young trees tend to
develop smooth gray brown bark that becomes
deeply furrowed with age. At maturity some trees
have thick plates and ridges where as others will
appear scaly.
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FL. FR. Greenish-yellow in corymbs before
leaves (not showy) schizocarp shaped like a
horseshoe
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• CULTURE pH tolerant requires room for roots
  tolerates shade does NOT tolerate air pollution,
  soil compaction, or salt
• PESTS Leaf scorch
• USE Excellent shade tree lawns, parks, golf
  courses (not as a street tree)

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MISC. Sap boiled in spring yields maple
syrup 40 gallons of sap 1 gal. of syrup
Newton Sentry very tight, columnar habit
Temples Upright columnar habit
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Acer saccharum 'Monumentalis'
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Acer saccharum 'Newton sentry'
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Kalopanax septemlobuscastor-aralia
SIZE Large HABIT
Upright-oval when young becoming rounded-oval
when mature
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FOL Coarse texture dark green in summer, often
falling green (yellow fall color is rare)
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BARK branches armed with stout prickles. Mature
trunks are blackish and deeply furrowed.
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FL. FR. perfect, white in mid-summer
clusters of small flowers in 1 umbels somewhat
showy fruit black, globose drupe in early fall
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CULTURE prefers deep, rich, moist soil full
sun PESTS None USE Excellent shade tree
lawns, parks, golf courses MISC. Bees like the
flowers and birds love the fruit. Rare in
cultivation but a worthwhile plant for large
spaces. septemlobus means 7-lobed. Looks
like Ricinus communis (caster bean) Previously
named K. pictus
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Kalopanax septemlobus. var. maximowiczii
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Betulabirch

• All birch are monoecious
• All birch have staminate (male) and pistillate
  (female) catkins
• Male catkins are formed in late summer and
  retained through the winter
• Female catkins form in spring, are pollinated,
  and disperse their winged nutlets in late
  summer-early fall
• Related to alders (Alnus)

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Betula alleghaniensisyellow birch

• SIZE Large
• HABIT Pyramidal when
• young rounded with age
• in woods forms a central
• leader largest native birch

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FOL Dull dark green excellent medium yellow
in fall
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BARK Peeling, light yellowish brown. Stems have
the taste of wintergreen.
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FL. FR. Male catkins pendulous, terminal in
4s 1 female catkin is solitary, elliptic and
upright on spur shoots
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• CULTURE Prefers cool, moist soils and cool
  summers does NOT tolerate hot and dry
  conditions
• PESTS None serious resistant to Japanese
  beetles, leaf miner and bronze birch borer
• USE Nice lawn tree or specimen
• MISC. Important lumber tree in Canada for
  furniture, flooring, and doors oil of
  wintergreen not as strong as B. lenta peeling
  yellow-brown bark native

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Betula lentablack birch

• SIZE Medium
• HABIT Pyramidal and dense when young rounded
  to upright oval when mature

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FOL Lustrous dark green golden yellow in
fall
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BARK Dark brown to black on young trees with
prominent lenticels. The bark becomes more scaly
at maturity.
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FL. FR. Male catkins pendulous, terminal in
4s 3/4 female catkin is solitary, narrow and
upright on spur shoot
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• CULTURE Tolerates heavy soils
• PESTS None serious resistant to Japanese
  beetle, leaf miner, and bronze birch borer
• USE Excellent tree for parks and naturalized
  areas
• MISC. Best fall color among the birches
  wintergreen oil can be distilled from the bark
  (high oil content) darkest bark of all birch
  lenta means pliable native

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Betula nigrariver birch

• SIZE Medium to large
• HABIT Pyramidal when
• young rounded with age
• often multiple trunks

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FOL Lustrous, medium green faded yellow fall
color (not very effective in the north), drops
quickly
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BARK Peeling creamy salmon, orange brown to
cinnamon brown in color. One of the most
beautiful birches for winter interest.
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FL. FR. Male catkins terminal in 3s 1
pendulous female catkin
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• CULTURE Does best in moist, acid, fertile soils
  (bottomlands) will tolerate dry conditions and
  some compact soil iron chlorosis in high pH
  can tolerate warmer climates (Zone 8)
• PESTS None
• USE Specimen tree for large areas widely used
  in the heat of the South
• MISC. Heritage is a superior cultivar for
  rapid growth, vigor, darker green foliage and
  better yellow fall color incredible peeling
  reddish-tan bark native

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Betula papyriferapaper birch

• SIZE Medium to large
• HABIT Loosely pyramidal when
• young irregular, upright oval when
• mature single or multi-trunked

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FOL Dull dark green very good yellow fall
color
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Bark Mature plants have chalky white peeling
bark that is easily separated into paper like
layers.
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FL . FR. Male catkin terminal in 2s or 3s
1 pendulous, female catkin
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• CULTURE Soil adaptable prefers moist, acid,
  sandy or silty loams does NOT tolerate air
  pollution
• PESTS Leaf miner resistant to bronze birch
  borer

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USE Best in large areasMISC. Place in front
of evergreens for winter bark interest
outstanding peeling, white bark native
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Betula pendulaEuropean white birch

• SIZE Medium
• HABIT Gracefully pyramidal
• when young upright-oval when
• mature remains pendulous
• and graceful

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FOL Glossy, dark green poor yellow fall color
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BARK Mature bark is white and does not peel or
exfoliate. Bark often has diamond shaped areas
of black within.
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FL. FR. Male catkin in 2s, sometimes singly
or in 3s 1 pendulous, female catkin
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• CULTURE Prefers MWDS tolerates wet or dry
  soils pH tolerant bleeds readily so prune in
  summer or fall
• PESTS Very susceptible to bronze birch
  borer(Agrilus anxius) and leaf miners Japanese
  beetles are not a serious pest

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USE Specimen for lawn or large areasMISC.
Most common birch in N. America. Dalecarlica is
an elegant cultivar with deeply incised leaves
Purpurea is a purple-leaved form Youngii is
weeping form, often grafted.
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Betula pendula Dalecarlica
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Betula pendula Youngii
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Betula pendula Purpurea
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Betula populifoliagray birch

• SIZE Medium
• HABIT Narrow, open, conical crown tips of
  branches are pendulous

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FOL Glossy, dark green nice yellow fall
color one of the first birches to leaf-out
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Bark Chalky white, not as bright as paper birch.
Bark does not peel and has distinct black
markings below each branch.
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FL. FR. Very long male catkins borne singly,
rarely in 2s 1 pendulous, female catkin
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• CULTURE Prefers poor, sterile rocky, gravelly
  or sandy sites will tolerate heavy soils
  tolerates wet or dry conditions will not
  tolerate competition or basic soils
• PESTS Leaf miner and Japanese beetles can be
  devastating slightly resistant to bronze birch
  borer

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USE Good for naturalizing good for difficult
sites with poor soilsMISC. Short-lived tree
(15-20 years) dirty gray bark native
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Catalpa speciosanorthern catalpa

• SIZE Medium
• HABIT Open with an irregular- oval crown

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FOL Medium to light green a poor yellow-brown
fall color (not effective)
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BARK Grayish brown at maturity with a ridged
and thick look.
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FL. FR. White tube-shaped corolla, 2 long
and wide, purple spot in throat, in May-June in
upright terminal panicles 4-8 long fruit an
8-20 long, 1/2 wide pod-like capsule that
persists through winter
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• CULTURE Tolerates most soils tolerates wet,
  hot, dry or alkaline conditions full sun to
  partial shade
• PESTS Leaf spots, powdery mildew, aphids and
  sooty mold
• USE Best for difficult areas (roadways)
  coarse texture difficult to use in the home
  landscape

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MISC. Wood is very rot resistant and used as
railroad ties.
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Cercidiphyllum japonicumkatsura tree

• SIZE Medium
• HABIT Pyramidal when young variable habit
  when mature

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FOL New foliage is reddish-purple dark
blue-green in summer yellow-apricot in fall
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BARK Mature bark is brown and can be slightly
shaggy.
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FL. FR. Dioecious flowers are minute
flowers before the leaves yet are not showy
fruit is a pod and not showy
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• CULTURE Requires a moist, rich soil pH
  adaptable difficult to transplant (best B B
  in early spring)
• PESTS None serious scorch on foliage when dry

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USE Excellent in either a lawn or large
areaMISC. A beautiful foliage tree
Pendula is a weeping form (usually grafted)
Cercid refers to redbud (Cercis) and
phyllum refers to the leaf
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Cercidiphyllum japonicum Pendula
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Cercidiphyllum japonicum Red Fox
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Cercidiphyllum japonicum Ruby
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Fagus grandifoliaAmerican beech

• SIZE Medium to large
• HABIT Stout trunk broad,
• low-spreading limbs pyramidal
• habit

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FOL Medium green golden yellow in fall
persist into winter (tan)
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BARK Appears thin and smooth. Has a clean
bluish gray appearance.
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FL. FR. Monoecious not showy nut in a
prickly involucre (3/4) nut is edible
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• CULTURE MWDS does NOT tolerate wet or
  compacted soils shallow roots tolerates
  shade tolerates pruning
• PESTS Beech scale aphids powdery mildew
• USE Native tree for large areas only
  attracts wildlife

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MISC. Tolerates heat better than F. sylvatica
will root sucker difficult to grow grass under
NO cultivar selections. Fagus is from the Greek,
phagein ( to eat), referring to the edible
nuts.
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Fagus sylvaticaEuropean beech

• SIZE Medium to large
• HABIT Stout trunk branching to the ground
  pyramidal

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FOL Lustrous, dark green golden-bronze in
fall persist into winter (tan)
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BARK Similar to F. grandifolia but generally
darker. Very ornamental.
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FL. FR. Monoecious not showy nut in a
prickly involucre (1) nut is edible
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• CULTURE Tolerates adverse soil better than F.
  grandifolia but otherwise the same
• PESTS Same as F. grandifolia
• USE Specimens for large areas (parks, etc.)
  attracts wildlife
• MISC. The most variable of all ornamental shade
  trees. The best cultivarsAsplenifolia
  cut-leaf Fastigiata upright Pendula
  weeping Purpurea dark purple leaf. Small
  growing cultivars are now available for
  residential use. The name, sylvatica come from
  the Latin, silva meaning of the woods

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Fagus sylvatica var. purpurea
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Fagus sylvatica Pendula
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Fagus sylvatica Asplenifolia
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Fagus sylvatica Ansorgei
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Fagus sylvatica Aurea Pendula
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Fagus sylvatica Quercifolia
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Fagus sylvatica Tricolor
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Quercusoaks

• All oaks are monoecious
• All oaks have staminate (male) catkins and
  pistillate (female) axillary flowers
• Nuts are acorns (edible) with a cup which is an
  involucre (collection of bracts)
• Often have tap roots and are difficult to
  transplant
• Often have dense wood are slow-growing
• 500-600 species of oaks exist

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white oaks vs. red oaks

• White oaks have rounded leaves while red oaks
  have bristle-tipped foliage
• The inside of the acorn is smooth in white oaks
  but is hairy in red oaks
• White oak seeds take 1 year to mature while red
  oak seeds take 2 years
• White oak seeds germinate immediately after they
  drop to the ground and therefore need to be
  planted or immediately refrigerated, while red
  oak seeds only germinate in spring

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Quercus albawhite oak

• SIZE Medium to large
• HABIT Pyramidal when young broad-rounded when
  mature

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FOL Opens gray-pink blue-green in summer
red-purple in fall (can be nice!) leaves often
persist into winter
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BARK Often broken into small blocks and scales.
Light gray in color.
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FL. FR. Acorn 1 oblong with bumpy cup
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• CULTURE Deep, MWDS mycorrhizal association
  with roots production and transplant difficult
• PESTS Powdery mildew leaf galls etc...

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USE Large areas naturalizing attracts
wildlifeMISC. Wood used in furniture,
flooring, boats, and casks. No other North
American oak has so many famous and historic
specimens as this species. alba refers to the
light color of the wood. Native
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Quercus bicolorswamp white oak

• SIZE Medium
• HABIT Broad, open, rounded crown

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FOL Lustrous, dark green yellow in fall
leaves often persist into winter when young
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BARK Grayish brown and often divided into
distinct rectangular patterns.
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FL. FR. Acorn 1 oval in pairs, usually
stalked
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CULTURE Difficult to transplant not as
tolerant of adverse conditions as Q. palustris
and Q. rubra tolerates higher pH than Q.
palustris fast grower PESTS None USE
Naturalizing, large areas, attracts
wildlife MISC. One of the last oaks to develop
fall color and it is often the best! Rare in
commerce and often misidentified! Native
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Quercus imbricariashingle oak

• SIZE Medium
• HABIT Pyramidal in youth
• broad-round at maturity

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FOL Unfolds reddish lustrous dark green in
summer yellow-brown-russet in fall (not showy)
leaves often persist into winter
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BARK Gray brown with low ridges and some
furrows.
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FL. FR. Acorn 1/2, rounded
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• CULTURE Transplants easier than most oaks
  tolerates urban conditions tolerates dry sites
  tolerates pruning
• PESTS Few problems
• USE Naturalizing large areas, attracts
  wildlife can be used for hedges
• MISC. Wood used for roofing and wall shingles!
  Gets its name from the Latin, imbrex meaning
  tile. Native

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Quercus macrocarpabur oak

• SIZE Large
• HABIT Pyramidal/oval when young
  broad-spreading crown when mature

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FOL Lustrous dark green in summer
green-yellow-brown in fall (not showy)
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BARK Mature bark develops deep ridges. Usually
dark gray and almost dirty looking.
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FL. FR. Acorn 1 - 1 1/2 with deep, frilled
cup
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• CULTURE Soil adaptable but transplant is
  difficult prefers alkaline soils tolerates
  city conditions
• PESTS Few problems
• USE Large areas, naturalizing, attract wildlife
• MISC. The name is derived from the Greek,
  macro meaning large and karpos meaning
  fruit. Rather rare in commerce. Native

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Quercus palustrispin oak

• SIZE Medium to large
• HABIT Pyramidal through maturity

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FOL Lustrous dark green in summer russet in
fall (variable) leaves may persist into
winter
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BARK Grayish brown, develops shallow ridges with
age. Distinctive pins on the branches.
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FL. FR. Acorn 1/2 rounded, in clusters
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• CULTURE MWDS easily transplanted tolerates
  wet soils tolerates air pollution and city
  conditions does NOT tolerate high pH
  (chlorosis!)
• PESTS Leaf galls, iron chlorosis

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USE Shade tree, lawns, parks attracts
wildlife naturalizingMISC. Lower branches
will die out and require pruning very widely
used fast grower. palustris is from the
Latin meaning swamps or marshes. Native
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Quercus robur Fastigiata fastigiate English
oak

• SIZE Medium to large
• HABIT Columnar with
• wavy, ascending branches

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FOL Dull dark green in summer NO fall color -
leaves fall off green
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BARK Mature bark is deeply furrowed and grayish
black.
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FL. FR. Acorn 1 elongate, stalked, rare on
the cultivar
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• CULTURE MWDS pH tolerant
• PESTS Powdery mildew
• USE Large areas attract wildlife
• MISC. The species is widely used in Europe but
  is rare in the U.S. Other cultivars available

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Quercus rubrared oak

• SIZE Medium to large
• HABIT Upright elliptic
• when young rounded
• when mature

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FOL Pinkish-red when unfolding lustrous dark
green in summer russet to bright red in fall
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BARK Mature bark has distinct flat gray areas
as well as ridges and furrows.
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FL. FR. Acorn 1 globose-elliptic
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• CULTURE MWDS transplants easily tolerates
  air pollution high pH chlorosis
• PESTS None

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USE Excellent for lawns or large areas ok as
street tree attracts wildlife
naturalizingMISC. Fast grower. Extremely
common in cultivation. Native