The Geography of Diversity: Melting Pots, The New Sunbelt

1
The Geography of DiversityMelting Pots, The
New Sunbelt The Heartland

• William H. Frey
• Milken Institute
• University of Michigan
• www.frey-demographer.org

2
Fastest Growing, 1990 - 2000
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
3
Selected New Sunbelt and Old Sunbelt States
Growth 1980s and 1990s
Nevada
Colorado
Georgia
0
10
20
40
50
60
70
30
Florida
80s
Texas
90s
California
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Immigrant Magnet States
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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New Sunbelt, Immigrant Magnet, and Heartland
States
New Sunbelt
Immigrant Magnets
Heartland States
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Demographic Components, 1990s
Source William Frey. University of Michigan
Milken Institute
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Demographic Components, 1990s
Source William Frey. University of Michigan
Milken Institute
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Share of U.S. in 6Immigrant Magnet States
Foreign Born 68 Asian Language at Home
64 Spanish at Home 74 Mixed Marriages
51 Native Born 36 English at Home
33
Source William Frey. University of Michigan
Milken Institute
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10 Classic Immigrant Magnet Metros

• 90 - 99 Immigrants
• 1. New York ------------- 1,408,543
• 2. Los Angeles ----------- 1,257,925
• 3. San Francisco --------- 494,189
• 4. Miami ------------------ 420,488
• 5. Chicago ----------------- 363,662
• 6. Washington ------------ 267,175
• 7. Houston ---------------- 214,262
• 8. Dallas-Fort ------------- 173,500
• 9. San Diego -------------- 159,691
• 10. Boston ------------------ 137,634

Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Domestic Migrant Magnet Metros
90 - 99 Net Migration 1.
Atlanta ---------------- 498,283 2.
Phoenix --------------- 396,092 3. Las
Vegas ------------- 394,331 4. Dallas
------------------ 235,611 5. Denver
----------------- 200,658 6. Portland, OR
----------- 198,896 7. Austin
------------------ 168,817 8. Orlando
---------------- 167,120 9. Tampa
----------------- 157,209 10. Charlotte
-------------- 154,320
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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10 Classic Immigrant Magnet Metros
Are Home to
30 of Total Population
65 of 1990s Immigration
54 of Hispanic Population
57 of Asian Population
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Hispanic Concentration2000
Source William H Frey, Milken Institute
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1990 - 2000 Greatest Hispanic Gainers

• 1. Los Angeles 1,819,370
• 2. New York 992,185
• 3. Chicago 600,810
• 4. Dallas 594,836
• 5. Houston 575,098
• 6. Miami 501,543

Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Up- and Coming Hispanic Growth Magnets
2000 Populations gt 50,000
Growth 1. Greensboro 694 2.
Charlotte 622 3. Raleigh 569 4.
Atlanta 362 5. Las Vegas 262 6. Portland,
OR 175 7. Orlando 170 8. Minn. -St.
Paul 162 9. Reno 145 10. Grand
Rapids 136 11. Salt Lake City 133
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Hispanic Groups
1990-2000
2000
Source William H. Frey
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Largest Hispanic Groups

• (in 1000s)
• Mexican 20,640
• Puerto Rican 3,406
• Cuban 1,242
• Dominican 765
• Spanish 686
• Salvadoran 655
• Colombian 471
• Guatemalan 373
• Ecuadorian 261
• Peruvian 234

Source William H. Frey
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Hispanics - by State

• 1990 2000
• California 34 31
• Texas 19 19
• New York 10 8
• Florida 7 8
• Illinois 4 4
• New Jersey 3 3
• Arizona 3 4

Source William H. Frey
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Mexicans - by State

• 1990 2000
• California 45 41
• Texas 29 25
• Illinois 5 6
• Arizona 5 5
• New Mexico 2 2
• Colorado 2 2

Source William H. Frey
19
Puerto Ricans - by State

• 1990 2000
• New York 40 31
• New Jersey 12 11
• Florida 9 14
• Massachusetts 6 6
• Pennsylvania 5 7
• Connecticut 5 6
• Illinois 5 5
• California 5 4

Source William H. Frey
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Cubans - by State

• 1990 2000
• Florida 65 67
• New Jersey 8 6
• New York 7 5
• California 7 6

Source William H. Frey
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Hispanics by Race, 2000
47.9
2.0
1.2
0.3
0.1
42.2
6.3
Source William H. Frey
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Hispanics by Race
California
Florida
New York
Source William H. Frey
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Largest Hispanic Black Populations

• New York 231,577
• Los Angeles 44,834
• Miami 38,073
• Philadelphia 23,901
• Boston 22,269
• Washington 19,927
• Chicago 19,903
• San Francisco 14,196
• Houston 10,805
• Atlanta 10,307

Source William H. Frey
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New York Metro Segregation by Race

• Hisp. White 61
• Hisp. Black 82
• Hisp. Other 76
• Hisp. 2Race 72
• NonHisp. Black 84

Source Frey, Myers
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LA Metro -Segregation by Race

• Hisp.White 60
• Hisp.Black 67
• Hisp.Other 69
• Hisp. 2Race 60
• NonHisp. Black 71

Source Frey, Myers
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Asian Concentration2000
Source William H Frey, Milken Institute
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1990 2000 Greatest Asian Gainers

• 1. New York 710,809
• 2. Los Angeles 611,201
• 3. San Francisco 554,326

Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Up- and Coming Asian Growth Magnets
2000 Populations gt 50,000
Growth 1. Las Vegas 286 2.
Atlanta 200 3. Austin 175 4 . Orlando 171
5. Tampa 149 6. Phoenix 149 7.
Dallas 133 8. Portland OR 119 9. Minn. -
St. Paul 118 10. Denver 115 11.Miami 113
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Black Concentration2000
Source William H Frey, Milken Institute
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1990 - 2000 Greatest Black Gainers
1. Atlanta 459,582 2. New York 450,725 3.
Washington DC 358,727 4. Miami 241,492 5.
Chicago 181,101 6. Dallas 176,293 7.
Philadelphia 162,932 8. Houston 142,304
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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1990 - 2000 Major Black Growth Centers
(Over 200,000 blacks and 30 growth)

• Growth
• 1. Orlando 62.2
• 2. Atlanta 61.9
• 3. Miami 43.4
• 4. Tampa 36.8
• 5. Charlotte 34.7
• 6. Columbus, OH 34.6
• 7. Jacksonville, FL 34.3
• 8. Boston 33.8
• 9. Raleigh 33.1
• 10. Dallas 31.7

Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Declines in Black Segregation 1980 - 2000
Seg Index Decline Atlanta
-15 Dallas -23 Houston
-16 Charlotte -12
Raleigh -15 Orlando
-27 Tampa -17
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Blacks Out-number Hispanic in the South
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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White Concentration2000
Source William H Frey, Milken Institute
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1990 - 2000 Greatest White Gainers
1. Phoenix 434,195 2. Atlanta 359,299 3.
Las Vegas 326,145 4. Denver 278,445 5.
Dallas 255,208 6. Portland OR 230,535 7.
Seattle 199,172 8. Minn.St. Paul 191,127 9.
Austin 187,426 10. Raleigh 171,168 11.
Charlotte 162,258 12. Nashville 146,615
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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1990 - 2000 Greatest White Decliners
1. Los Angeles -843.065 2. New York -679,790 3.
San Francisco -269,844 4. Philadelphia -199,359
5. Miami -118,506 6. Chicago -93,794 7. San
Diego -84,448 8. Pittsburgh -81,900
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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White Growth -- Region Metro Size
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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City, Suburb, Nonmetro Residence, 2000
White
Non-White
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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City, Suburb, Nonmetro Residence, 2000
Hispanic
Asian
Black
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Americas Patchwork Quilt
Source William H Frey, Milken Institute
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CaliforniaLargest Ethnic Minorities (1,000s)
Mexican 8,731 Black 2,060 Chinese
956 Filipino 913 Vietnamese
429 Salvadoran 400 Asian Indian
360 Korean 332 American Indian 317
Source William Frey. University of Michigan
Milken Institute
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FloridaLargest Ethnic Minorities (1,000s)
Black 2,329 Cuban 851 Puerto Rican
458 Mexican 329 Columbian 190 Nicaraguan
116 Honduran 70 Dominican 66 Asian
Indian 59
Source William Frey. University of Michigan
Milken Institute
43
New YorkLargest Ethnic Minorities (1,000s)
Black 2,793 Puerto Rican 1,055 Dominican
577 Chinese 380 Asian Indian 287 Mexican
240 Korean 149 Ecuadorian 131 Columbian
108
Source William Frey. University of Michigan
Milken Institute
44
TexasLargest Ethnic Minorities (1,000s)
Mexican 5,696 Black 2,142 Vietamese
158 Asian Indian 147 American Indian
125 Salvadoran 107 Chinese 94 Puerto
Rican 77 Filipino 52
Source William Frey. University of Michigan
Milken Institute
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Foreign Born, 2000
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Born in Other State, 2000
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Born in Same State, 2000
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1900-2000 California Transplants U.S. vs. Foreign
Origin
Source William Frey. University of Michigan
Milken Institute
49
Cities with Highest Percentage who Speak Spanish
at Home

• 1. Santa Ana, CA 74
• 2. El Paso, TX 70
• 3. Miami, Fl 66
• 4. Anaheim, CA 43
• 5. Los Angeles, CA 42
• 6. San Antonio, TX 42
• 7. Houston, TX 36
• 8. Riverside, CA 33
• 9. Dallas, TX 33
• 10. Tucson, AZ 29
• 11. Fresno, CA 29
• 12. Phoenix, AZ 28
• 13. Fort Worth, TX 28
• 14. Newark, NJ 27
• 15. New York, NY 25
• 16. Long Beach, CA 25

Source William H. Frey
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Children Speaking Spanish at Home
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Hispanics as Percent of Population Children and
Adults, 2000
Children age 5 - 17 adults aged 18 and over
Source William H. Frey
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Percent Speaking Spanish at Home Children and
Adults 1990 and 2000
Children age 5 - 17 adults aged 18 and over
Source William H. Frey
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English Proficiency among Spanish Speaker 2000
Children age 5 - 17 adults aged 18 and over
Source William H. Frey
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Education Attainment by Race Los Angeles Metro
Source William Frey. Milken Institute
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Hispanic Education Attainment Los Angeles
Source William Frey. Milken Institute
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Race Profiles for Occupations Los Angeles
Source William Frey. Milken Institute
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Gains by Race, 1990-2000
Whites
Blacks
Asians
Hispanics
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Metro Area Categories

• Melting Pots
• (eg. LA, NY, Miami)
• North-Largely White-Black
• (eg. Detroit, Cleveland)
• North-Largely White
• ( eg. Pittsburgh, Minn-St Paul)
• South-Largely White Black
• (eg. Atlanta, Raleigh)
• South West - Largely White
• (eg. Seattle, Denver, Tampa)

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City Race Compositions, 2000
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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City Growth by Household Type
Source William H. Frey
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Ozzie and Harriet Cities
Marrd Couples w/chld
1. Santa Ana, CA 42 2. Anaheim, CA 32 3.
San Jose, CA 30 4. El Paso, TX 30 5.
Virginia Beach, VA 29 6. Riverside,
CA 28 7. Arlington, TX 28
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Trends in Minority Suburbanization
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Suburb Race Compositions, 2000
Source William H. Frey, analysis of 2000 Census
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Large City Segregation, 2000

• Black-White
• Chicago, Il 87
• Aurora, CO 33
• Hispanic-White
• Oakland,CA 70
• Jacksonville, FL 25
• Asian-White
• New Orleans 64
• Anaheim CA 20

Source Frey, Myers
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Black White SegregationMetro Areas, 2000
Source Frey, Myers
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Black White Mixed Race Persons Metro
Segregation, 2000
Source Frey, Myers
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Cities with Highest Hispanic Segregation

• Oakland 71
• New York 70
• Philadelphia 67
• Los Angeles 67
• Dallas 65
• Winston-Salem 65
• Atlanta 65
• Durham 64
• Grand Rapids 62
• Long Beach 62

Source Frey, Myers
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Metro Area with Highest Hispanic Segregation

• Reading, PA 73
• Providence, RI 71
• New York, NY 69
• Springfield, MA 68
• Newark, NJ 66
• Hartford, CT 66
• Chicago, IL 65
• Lancaster, PA 65
• Los Angeles, CA 64
• Allentown, PA 64

Source Frey, Myers
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Neighborhood Exposure to Race-Ethnic Groups, US
- Metro Areas Population, 2000
Source Frey, Myers
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Neighborhood Exposure to Race-Ethnic Groups, New
York City, 2000
Source Frey, Myers
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Neighborhood Exposure to Race-Ethnic Groups, Los
Angeles, 2000
Source Frey, Myers
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Los Angeles 2025 Age Structure by Race-Ethnicity

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Detroit 2025 Age Structure by Race-Ethnicity

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Useful Websites

• www.census.gov
• www.ssdan.net
• www.CensusScope.org
• www.frey-demographer.org