Ferdinand VII cedes right to Spainish Throne

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1808-1813

• Ferdinand VII cedes right to Spainish Throne
• Napoleons brother, King Joseph deposed
• Cortes establishes a constitutional monarchy

2
See-Saw struggles

• Ferdinand declares action of Cortes illegal and
  voids constitution
• Major Rafael de Riego makes a pronunciamiento to
  re-establish the constitution
• Ferdinand gets French support, executes Riego and
  is king again.

3
More crises

• Ferdinand dies sonless.
• Crisis who reigns in Spain in the plain? Don
  Carlos or Isabella II
• Isabella rules with Mom as regent and Don Carlos
  starts a war.
• Baldomero Espartero becomes president then
  regent.
• Espartero overthrown.

4
Isabella- Queen at 13.

• Isabella vacillates on reform
• Second Carlist War
• Pronunciamiento puts moderates in power
• Constitution of 1845
• Moderates collapse

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Whose in charge?

• Pronunciamiento by Gen. Leopoldo ODonnell
  (?)puts Espartero (a Progressive) in charge
• Espartero out and ODonnell in.
• ODonnell fails. Isabella does not embrace
  Progressives

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Whose in charge? 2

• Isabella exiled by Juan Prim.
• Prim names Amadeo of Savoy as King.
• Amadeo abdicates in three years.
• Pronunciamiento brings Alfonso XII, Isabellas
  son to throne.

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Whose in charge? 3

• Constitution of 1876 is passed and will last
  until 1923
• Political parties rise in power both on the left
  and the right. CNT UGT
• Alfonso XIII assumes the throne at birth., but
  abdicates in 1931.

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Reign of Alfonso XIII

• Alfonso assumes the throne as an infant in 1886.
• Spain loses Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines
• Generation of 1898
• War in Africa
• Growth of political parties and unions, Radical
  Republicans, PSOE, CNT, UGT, FAI

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Alfonso XIII contd

• Personal political parties fracture the political
  coalitions
• Regional movements for autonomy
• Poor conditions in the military
• Civilian revolts directed at the church
• Pronunciamiento puts General Primo de Rivera in
  power. Accepted by Alfonso.

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2nd Republic Key Players

• Lerroux Radical Republicans
• Niceto Zamora conservative
• Manuel Azana Izquierda Republica
• Francisco Largo Caballero PSOE (UGT backed)
• Jose Maria Gil Robles CEDA

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The Second Republic

• 1931 local popular vote goes in favor of the
  anti-monarchist.
• Alfonso XIII goes into exile and finally
  abdicates.
• The Second Republic is formed at a constitutional
  convention
• Major reforms annnounced

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2nd Republic Whose in charge?

• Niceto Zamora is named president and calls for
  elections
• 1st election June 1931 Izquierda Republicana
  PSOE win.
• Manuel Azana, leader of the PSOE is named PM.
• 2nd election November 1932 Radical Republicans
  (not so radical) and CEDA win the most seats.

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2nd Republic Whose in charge?

• Lerroux under President Zamora forms a minority
  government at first
• Lerroux firms coaltition with CEDA
• Gil Robles is appointed Minister of War
• Attempts at right wing reforms by Gil Robles

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Prelude to Civil War

• Zamora calls for new Elections in 1936.
• Civil strife is widespread.
• Political left consolidates for the election
  under Azana as the Frente Popular (Spanish
  Popular Front). Includes IR, UGT, CNT, PSOE,
  PUOM, PCE.
• Azana forms a minority government

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Prelude to Civil War

• Jose Calvo Sotleo, a monarchist, takes control of
  CEDA. (Gil Robles is out.)
• Falange Party forms (Nationalist)
• Falangist murder Jose Castillo anti-facist
  leader
• Calvo Soltelo is assassinated.
• Pronunciamiento by the army.
• July 17, 1936 Civil War begins.

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1931 After the municipal elections, the Republic
is proclaimed. The revolutionary committee
becomes the provisional Government. Niceto Alcala
Zamora is named president. The Constituent Cortes
draft a new Constitution. 1933 The centre-right
parties obtain a majority in the Cartes. 1934
Revolutions take place in Catalonia and Asturias
in protest against the participation of the CEDA
(Spanish Confederation of the Autonomous
Right-Wing) in the government. 1936 The Popular
Front, a left-wing coalition, wins the elections.
The new Cortes depose Alcala Zamora and appoint
Manuel Azana President of the Republic. Azana's
first government declared a general amnesty and
the resumption of the Agrarian Reform and
Statutes for Catalunya, the Basque provinces and,
eventually, for Galicia. Azana was elected the
President of the Republic in May, and Cesares
Quiroga was charged with forming the Government.
The conflicts continued and after the
assassination of Lieutenant Castillo of the
Assault Guard by Fascist gunmen, his
comrades-in-arms murderes, in turn, the head of
the opposition, Calvo Sotelo, on July 12. Five
days later, on July 17, the military garrison in
Melilla rose. The Civil War had begun.
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1898 In 1898, Spain lost the last of its
overseas colonies (Cuba, Puerto Rico and
Philippines) but took on Morocco as a
protectorate, which was to prove a new source of
friction. The nation's delicate economic and
social situation was expressed in serious
internal tension, with anarchist uprisings in
several regions, and street fighting in Barcelona
in 1909 and 1917. 1909 The Moroccan war enters
a disastrous stage, giving rise to a wave of
protest all over the country and sparking off the
events of the 'Semana Tragica' in Barcelona.
1914 to 1918 Spain remains neutral in the First
World War. 1921 The troops fighting in Morocco
suffer the disaster of Annual. 1923 General
Primo de Rivera gained power by a coup d'etat
(Sept. 13, 1923) and at first he ruled via the
army through a Military Directory. Primo de
Rivera's dictatorship solved some of the multiple
problems plaguing the country he ended the war
in Africa, developed local governments and
presented an ambitious public works programme.
However, the attempt to return to a
constitutional government by integrating a
consultative National Assembly (1926) failed with
the rejection of the Drafts of the Constitution
of the Spanish Monarchy (1929).
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1874 The Restoration.- General Martinez Campos
rises in Sagunto and proclaims the restoration of
the Bourbons (Borbones) under Alfonso XII. 1876
to 1878 The defeat of Carlism and the peace of
El Zanjon, which brings to an end the ten year
war in Cuba, makes it possible to set up a stable
Government. 1885 to 1886 Alfonso XII dies and
is succeeded by his posthumous son, Alfonso XIII,
under the regency of his mother, Maria Cristina
de Habsburgo y Lorena. 1895 The Cuban war of
independence breaks up. 1898 The war with the
United States puts an end to the remains of the
Spanish colonial empire Cuba, Puerto Rico and
the Philippines are turned over to the victors.
21
1854 Leopoldo O'Donnell rebels against Narvaez
and alternates with him as Prime Minister. 1868
The revoluction which overthrows Isabel II is
headed by Generals Serrano and Prim. 1870
Amadeo of Savoy, Duke of Aosta, is elected king
of Spain. General Prim is assassinated. 1873
Amadeo I abdicates and the Cortes proclaim a
republic. 1873 to 1874 The First Republic.- The
Republic has to deal with war in Cuba, the third
Carlist war and the cantonalist rising of the
South and South East of the country. After the
presidencies of the Republic by Figueras, Pi y
Margall, Salmeron and Castelar, the
'pronunciamiento' of General Pavia dissolves the
Cortes and establishes the government of General
Serrano.
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1808 to 1813 The Spanish people rise against
French domination (May 2nd 1808) and with English
help defeat Napoleon. 1814 to 1833 During the
reign of Fernando VII, the Spanish colonies of
America gain their independence, except Cuba and
Puerto Rico. 1833 to 1868 On the death of
Ferdinand VII, the rise to power of Isabel II
brings about the first Carlist War as the Salic
law is abolished. 1841 to 1843 General
Espartero is proclaimed regent of the kingdom.
1843 General Narvaez deposes General Espartero.

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http//www.guardian.co.uk/fromthearchive/story/0,,
1822726,00.html
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