XMSF Exemplars in Analytic Combat Modeling

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XMSF Exemplars in Analytic Combat Modeling

• Paper 04S-SIW-142
• Curtis Blais

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Objective

• Examine how Extensible Modeling and Simulation
  Framework (XMSF) principles relating to Open
  Standards and Web technologies can be applied to
  existing and emerging military analytical models.

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Outline

• Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework
• Military Analytical Modeling
• XMSF Exemplars
• XMSF Profiles
• Levels of Conceptual Interoperability
• XMSF Profile Approaches
• Elementary XMSF Profile Approach
• Profiling the Exemplars
• What Have We Learned?
• Future Work

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Extensible Modeling and Simulation Framework
(XMSF)

• A composable set of standards, profiles, and
  recommended practices for Web-based MS
• Foundational precepts Internet technologies,
  Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based languages,
  and service-oriented architectures (e.g., Web
  services for all manner of MS) for simple
  messaging common ontologies for semantics
• Enable a new generation of distributed MS
  applications to emerge, develop, interoperate

http//www.MovesInstitute.org/xmsf
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Military Analytical Models
Application of Analytical Models
Acquisition
Operations
OPNAV N81 World-Class Modeling
DMSO Flexible Asymmetric Simulation Technologies
- Force Structure - Weapon Systems - Cost Analyses

• Tactical Decision
• Aid
• - Mission Planning

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XMSF Exemplars

• OPNAV N81 World-Class Modeling (WCM) Project
• DMSO Flexible Asymmetric Simulation Technologies
  (FAST) Operations Other Than War (OOTW) Toolbox

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WCM Project

• Proof of concept for XMSF create enhanced
  analytical modeling capability by bringing
  together existing/emerging analytical models in
  the Naval warfare and Land warfare domains
• Naval Simulation System (NSS)
• Combined Arms Analysis Tool for the 21st Century
  (COMBATXXI)
• Simkit discrete event simulation Application
  Program Interface (API)
• Technology tasking Web services and data
  modeling plus creation of Analytical Workbench
  (Viskit)
• Analysis tasking Design/develop scenarios for
  analysis questions of interest, prepare
  demonstrations of analysis capabilities, and
  support Operations Research thesis work

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Web Services and Data Modeling
Visual modeling tool and model repository
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New Analytic Agenda

• Quadrennial Defense Review 2001
• (Capabilities-Based Planning) shifts the focus
  of U.S. force planning from optimizing for
  conflicts in two particular regions -- Northeast
  and Southwest Asia -- to building a portfolio of
  capabilities that is robust across the spectrum
  of possible force requirements, both functional
  and geographical.

Source OSD (PAE)
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OSD New Analytic AgendaNew Ways of Performing
Analysis
Service/Agency POM Development

• Studies
• Program/Budget Review
• DPG-directed
• Analyses of Alternatives

Analytic Agenda
Scenarios
Capabilities-Based Future Force Planning
The Defense Planning Scenarios are how the
Secretary tells the Department what kinds of wars
he wants to be able to fight, and what other
operations he wants to be able to conduct, in the
future
Future Requirements
Investment Decisions for Long-Range ST
Combat Development
War Games
Source OSD (PAE)
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Meeting the OSDs New Analytical Agenda

• Requires MS tools that are
• Flexible
• Extensible
• Multi-resolution
• Re-usable
• Desk top executable
• Convenient to use
• Able to use best methods in field
• Able to model future concepts

World-Class Modeling (WCM) Transformation of
Modeling and Simulation
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World-Class Modeling (WCM) Create a Marketplace
of Analytical Modeling Capabilities

• Post framework and MS system
• Provide free copies to all DoD agencies
  interested
• Harvest methods from legacy models
• Guide development of new models
• Keep them small
• Open standards
• Build on previous work

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FAST OOTW Toolbox Project

• Integration of various models, simulations, data
  bases and computational tools into a deployable
  package (laptop) for OOTW mission planning
• Current Components
• Toolbox Controller
• Unit Order of Battle Data Access Tool (UOB DAT)
• Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS)
• Diplomatic and Military Operations in a
  Non-warfighting Domain (DIAMOND)
• Interim Static Stability Model (ISSM)
• Canadian Forces Landmine Database (CFLD)
• XPOD Manipulation Tool (XMT)

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FAST OOTW Toolkit Concept
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XMSF Profiles

• Formal technical specifications for application
  of interoperable web based technologies to enable
  composable and reusable MS, and to facilitate
  enterprise integration
• Specification of XMSF a collection of profiles
  detailing how to interoperate with XMSF compliant
  systems
• Subject of XMSF Profile Study Group
• Chair Dr. Katherine Morse
• Meeting Spring SIW on Thursday 0800-1200 Regency
  D
• Participants needed to
• Define processes and profiles
• Provide exemplars for profiling
• Create organizational structure

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XMSF Profile Objectives

• Provide unambiguous specification of the
  functionality of components, and interfaces among
  components of the framework
• Ensure interoperability between existing and new
  web enabled technologies, both within MS and in
  related domains
• Provide the necessary metadata to facilitate
  composability and reuse of components across
  multiple MS application domains
• Facilitate development of new applications and
  services that are functionally interchangeable
  with existing applications and services
• Enable development of new applications and
  services that readily extend functionality for
  continuous evolution of capabilities

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XMSF Profile Approach and Benefits

• At the macro level, an XMSF Profile will consist
  of
• Applicable web technologies and protocol
  standards
• Applicable data and metadata standards
• Recommendations and guidelines for implementation
• Association of an XMSF Profile to an application
• Informs MS community of capabilities and
  limitations of the implementation
• Informs MS community (developers and
  integrators) of interoperability opportunities
  and techniques with respect to that application
• Enables assessment of approach and level of
  effort to upgrade implementation to enhanced
  levels of interoperability

Subject of 04S-SIW-142
Not addressed
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Levels of Conceptual Interoperability
LCIM Levels of Conceptual Interoperability
Model refer to A. Tolk, 04S-SIW-009
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XMSF Profile Approaches

• Characteristics of an XMSF Application
• Use of Standards
• Composable and Extensible
• Web Technologies
• Distributed
• Non-proprietary
• Usable by human and software agents
• Defined vocabularies
• Engineering methodology
• Security
• Grouping/sequencing

• Profile Space Dimensions
• Computation
• Networking
• Presentation
• Modeling (and data representation)
• Messaging
• Semantics
• Security
• Management

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Web Community Characterizations

• Web Services Stack
• Semantic Web Stack
• Semantic Web Services Stack
• Web Services Security Stack
• Others Semantic Grid, Semantic Grid Services

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Web Services Stack
Processes Discovery, Aggregation, Choreography,
MANAGEMENT
SECURITY
Descriptions Web Services Descriptions (WSDL)
Messages
SOAP
Communications HTTP, SMTP, FTP, JMS, IIOP,
From World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), Web
Services Architecture
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Semantic Web Stack
See I. Herman presentation at http//www.w3.org/20
03/Talks/0624-BrusselsSW-IH/26.html
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Semantic Web Services Stack
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From L. Obrst, Ontologies for Semantically
Interoperable Systems and C. Bussler, et. al.,
A Conceptual Architecture for Semantic Web
Enables Web Services
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Web Services Security Stack
Adapted from several sources refer to paper
04S-SIW-142
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Elementary XMSF Profile Approach

• Identified separately since the Security
  implementation can enable/disable/modify Semantic
  Web Services layers in an application.

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XMSF Profile for N81 WCM Project (before)
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XMSF Profile for N81 WCM Project (after)
Interoperability and Security Profiles
1- Modeling formalism through Event Graph tool 2-
Common data model (e.g., C2IEDM)
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Viskit
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XMSF Profile for N81 WCM Project (after)
Implementation Profile
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XMSF Profile for FAST Project-1
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XMSF Profile for FAST Project-2
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What Have We Learned?

• There are numerous approaches to characterizing
  XMSF Profiles even the elementary approach
  communicates useful information about subject
  applications
• Web standards and technologies are rapidly
  evolving characterizations need to be agile
• This initial effort is subjective is it
  possible for applications to be profiled
  rigorously by automated tools?

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Future Work

• Continue to explore practical approaches to
  defining/describing XMSF Profiles
• Formulate recommendations and guidelines for
  implementation of XMSF Profiles
• Participate in the
• SISO XMSF Profile Study Group!!

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QUESTIONS?

• For more information, contact
• Curtis Blais
• MOVES Institute
• Naval Postgraduate School
• Monterey, CA
• 831-656-3215
• clblais_at_nps.edu

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Backup Slides
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Current OOTW Support by FAST Toolbox

• Operations Decision Support
• COA Analysis
• Situational Awareness
• Analysis
• Deliberate Planning
• Crisis Action Planning
• Force Structure Analysis
• Acquisition Analysis
• Training
• Pre-mission
• Mission Rehearsal
• Other In-theater

The toolbox is loaded on a single laptop computer
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Reliability and Speed XML Technology

• Extensible Markup Language (XML) provides the
  language that can define all of the parts of the
  tool data, including the Data Interchange Format
  (DIF) for files
• XML Populated DIF (XPOD) provides data files with
  validated formats
• Improves reliability reduces error
• rates in tool use
• Supports automated data transfer
• Provides decreased human
• processing time
• XML technology is transparent to
• the user

lt/ForceStructureInformationgt - ltRelationshipsgt
- ltRelationship type"Operational Control"gt -
ltAssignedgt - ltUnitNode UIC"WAKNAA"gt ltUnitNode
UIC"WAKNFT" /gt ltUnitNode UIC"WAKNAO" /gt
ltUnitNode UIC"WAKNTO" /gt ltUnitNode
UIC"WAKNCO" /gt ltUnitNode UIC"WAKNBO" /gt
lt/UnitNodegt
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Bringing It All Together the Controller

• Unifies the FAST Toolbox
• Provides
• Central launch point for tools
• Links to related OOTW web sites
• Repository for tool data and
• associated documents
• Tool meta-data (i.e., data about the data)
• User friendly
• Reduces operator learning curve

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Simplified File Conversion the XMT

• XPOD Manipulation Tool (XMT) extracts data from
  C4I system format
• Ingest process of data into toolbox enables
  updates to force data
• Supports modification of scenario data
• Enables semi-automated scenario
• updates
• Supports use of warm
• databases
• Retains common data format
• User friendly
• Reduces time over manual processing

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Unit Order of Battle (UOB)

• Supplies authoritative force data
• Supports use of C4I extract data
• Imports exports data in XML
• for use by Toolbox models/
• applications
• Provides data for FAST Force
• Structure DIF
• Provides force tailoring, aggregation,
• comparison, other force data manipulation
  support
• User friendly
• Reduces time over manual processes

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Joint Conflict and Tactical Simulation (JCATS)

• High resolution, stochastic model for training
  and mission rehearsal
• Can support OOTW analysis at the tactical level
• Represents many, but not all, OOTW functions
• Combat-like actions within MOOTW (e.g., peace
  enforcement, counter- insurgency)
• Logistics and transportation actions
• complements OOTW low resolution
• models (e.g., DIAMOND)
• Models down to the individual level
• Supports data output and analysis
• Runs interactively and in batch mode
• Sophisticated Tool
• Requires dedicated support due to high-level
  skill set to use

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Diplomatic and Military Operations in a
Non-warfighting Domain-US (DIAMOND-US)

• Low resolution, stochastic model for OOTW
  analysis at the operational and tactical levels
  of war
• Peace support, humanitarian gross combat
• actions
• Represents most, but not all, OOTW
• functions
• Logistics and transportation actions
• Division down to the battalion level or lower
• Supports data output and analysis
• Runs interactively and in batch mode
• Semi-sophisticated Tool
• Requires moderate to high-level skill set to use

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Interim Static Stability Model (ISSM)

• Supports OOTW analysis at the operational
  strategic levels
• Depicts peace support and humanitarian results
• Provides static view of current and past
  situation in terms of peace and stability
• Represents most, but not all, OOTW functions
• Supports data output and analysis
• Data can be used in consonance
• with other analytical tools
• (e.g., DIAMOND)
• Runs interactively
• Unsophisticated tool
• Requires Excel expertise
• and is user friendly

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Canadian Forces Landmine Database (CFLD)

• Supports MOOTW training and operational
  employment at the tactical level
• Designed for individual soldier
• Pictorial and textual data on 350 landmines
• Allows cross referencing
• search of database by
• description or country of
• origin or use
• Runs interactively
• Unsophisticated tool
• Basic design and is user friendly