JAPAN: Society, Corruption, Political Participation

1
JAPAN Society, Corruption, Political
Participation
2
Political Corruption and Political Reform

• Key Issues
• 1. The Difficulty of Comparing Corruption
• a) Value System (Culture)
• b) Measure
• 2. LDPs Dominance

3
The Politics of Corruption Regeneration of
Corruption

• a) Tokagenoshippokiri
• b) Ritual apology
• c) PM from corruption
• d) 1993 LDP loss due to corruption?

4
The Lockheed Scandal

• a) 1976 Kakuei Tanaka indicted found guilty
• b) Etsuzankai

5
The Recruit Scandal

• a) 1989 insider stock deal
• b) Noboru Takeshita
• c) Kiichi Miyazawa,
• d) The Washington Post
• e) Opposition parties were also involved in other
  scandals

6
The Sagawa Kyubin Scandal

• a) 1992
• b) Shin Kanemaru

7
The Institutionalization of Corruption

• a) LDPs dominance
• 2. Party Philosophy
• a) Weak ideology management party
• 3. Public Opinion
• a) Not salient issue under overall satisfaction
• 4. Ineffective Opposition
• a) Less attractive than LDP
• 5. Money and Politics
• a) Pork Barrel Politics

8
Reform Proposals

• 1. To Change Faction System
• 2. Toward single member district system
• 3. 1994 law passed and 1995 law became effective

9
Education

• Key Issues
• 1. Meijis Success
• 2. Excellent Basic Education Degraded Higher
  Education
• 3. Japanese Intellectuals Matstuyama Sachio
• 4. Degrading Educational System
• 5. Textbook Issues

10
Education Social System

• 1. Middle Class 90
• 2. Education Social Mobility
• 3. 100 literacy in 20 years
• 4. Standardized Examination
• 5. Ideological control during war-time
• 6. US Education mission democratic value

11
The Educational System Today

• a) 230 days Japan 180 days USA
• b) group oriented work
• cleaning classroom
• c) Three Highs for male and female
• d) Clear pyramid of college ranking
• e) Textbook Issues Selection and War

12
Literacy

• a) 98
• b) Read books more than any other nation
• c) Subscribe newspaper more than any other
  nation

13
Curriculum

• a) Memorization little analysis, creative
  activity
• b) Prep-school or Juku
• c) Entrance Exam and Ronin
• d) Egalitarian attitude Jealousy

14
Why Do Students Work So Hard?

• 1. Ojuken Mama from Kindergarten
• 2. Mothers involvement and the lack of Fathers
• 3. Cram school /Prep School
• 4. The end of Exam Hell loss of hope?

15
Higher Education

• a) To create excellent bureaucrats
• b) Lack of Liberal-Arts emphasis technical
• 2. Students
• a) 30 higher suicide rate for young
• b) Easy College Life
• c) 95 receive degrees Less than 50 in USA
• 3. The Issues of Academic Status
• 4. Faculty
• 5. Problems of Higher Education
• Catch-up and the lack of basic research

16
Public Safety

• Keywords
• 1. The Myth of Safe Country Subway gas
• 2. The Myth of Excellent Police and Human Rights
• 3. The Foreigners Japanese Fear
• 4. The Youth Crime
• 5. The Myth of Good Citizens Bicycle Issues

17
The Criminal Justice System

• 1. Culture toward crime? Shame
• 2. No-Jury
• 3. Culture show of remorse and the sentence
• 4. The High confession rate Police misconduct
• 5. gun-control

18
The Police

• 1. Omawari-san loved profession
• 2. Koban
• 3. giving directions