Terminology

1
Terminology

• Systems
• Multicultural
• Multiethnic
• Pluralistic
• Processes
• Intercultural
• Cross-cultural
• Transcultural

2
The cultural challenge of cooperation

• When quick-fix cure is not possible one needs a
  long-term care model.
• This requires a more cooperative approach.
• Patients have to become co-healers.
• There is a need for deeper understanding of the
  patients needs, health beliefs and the realities
  of their daily lives.
• Cecil G Helman Culture Health and Illness, 2001
  p 67

3
Three dimensions of understanding

• Existential
• Fenomenological
• Biological

4
Existential

• Paradoxal
• Spiritual, religious
• Man as person
• The meaning of life
• Human integrity

5
Fenomenological

• Rational
• Man as an actor
• Culture
• Human autonomi
• Illness
• Demos

6
Biological

• Medical
• Man as an organism
• Nature
• Disease
• Ethnos

7
Popular tradition vs professional modernity

• Sin, punishment, faith
• Imbalance, evile eye
• Shame, weakness
• Holistic
• Belief
• Ritual action
• Tradition
• Local consent
• Homeopathy

• Pathogenesis
• Salutogenesis
• Symptom, diagnose
• Focal
• Science
• Clinical action
• Well-tried experience
• Local consent
• Allopathy

8
Migration and culture

• The dynamics of culture
• Tradition and nostalgy
• Ackulturation
• Integration

9
Views on reliable treatment

• Obvious
• Comprehensible
• Recognizable

10
Intercultural encounters

• Symmetric
• From the strangers point of view you are also a
  stranger
• Asymmetric
• From the strangers point of view you are not a
  stranger

11
Culture conflicts and ethics

• A western common value system
• The individual in focus
• Human rights
• UN declarations
• Gender equality
• A common value system in medicial care
• The individual patient in focus
• Informed consent
• Confidentiality
• Autonomy
• Integrity

12
Steps in the management of intercultural care and
cure

• The personal good encounter
• The professional matter of fact
• The negotiation
• The management of conflicts
• The disease-oriented treatment
• Te health-oriented empowerment

13
Outcomes

• True agreement
• False agreement
• Obvious misunderstanding
• Hidden misunderstanding

14
Migration and cancer

• Convergence and non-convergence
• Two examples