Essential Developments of 19thCentury Europe

1
Essential Developments of 19th-Century Europe

• From the Congress of Vienna to the
  Franco-Prussian War (1815-1870)

2
Restoration (1815-1848)

• Characterize the tone, intention, and results of
  the Congress of Vienna
• How is Metternich the symbolic center of the
  Restoration?
• Personality Balance of power legitimacy
  aristocracy
• Define three isms conservatism, liberalism,
  radicalism
• Liberalism economic, political definitions

3
Romanticism (to mid-19th century)

• What were characteristics of Romanticism?
• Passion/emotion individualism nature the
  past
• Who were representatives of Romanticism?
• Giuseppe Mazzini
• Beethoven
• Wordsworth, Hugo, Pushkin, Brothers Grimm
• Eugene Delacroix
• Lord Byron, Mary Shelley, George Sand

4
Nationalism

• What was Nationalism?
• Examples Austria, Greece, Italy, Germany

5
Reform

• What characterized reform of the early 19th
  century? What was NOT reformed?
• France bloodless revolution of 1830
• citizen king Louis Philippe
• Great Britain Reform Bill of 1832

6
Revolutions of 1848

• Characterize the Rise of the Working Class
• Revolutions of 1848 What remains standing in
  Europe? Tsar Nicholas I
• Describe the French example
• Lamartine vs. Louis Blanc
• Napoleon III
• democracy proved to be a form of government that
  could destroy itself (543)

7
Industrial Revolution

• Define the term Industrial Revolution
• Enclosure, manufacturing, factories,
• Why does the Industrial Revolution begin in Great
  Britain?
• James Watt, enclosure, natural resources,
  inventive spirit and encouragement,
  capital/banking
•  Characterize the transportation communication
  revolution.
• Railroads, canals, steamships, telegraph,
  globalization, emigration and immigration
• What was the downside of the Industrial
  Revolution?
• What is the symbolic importance of Great
  Exhibition at the Crystal Palace in England in
  1851?

8
Socialism

• Early (utopian) socialists Robert Owen,
  Charles Fourier, Louis Blanc
• Scientific Socialism (Marx)
• Communist Manifesto (1848)
• Class struggle (bourgeoisie vs. proletariat)
• Workers of the world, unite!
• complete communism means of production in
  hands of the working class end of private
  property
• mispredictions of Marxism
• Labor unions, democratic reforms, improvement in
  working class conditions and income

9
Realism

• Defined
• Art
• Honore Daumier (France)
• Literature
• Henry James (American)
• Charles Dickens (British)
• Gustave Flaubert (France)
• Dostoevsky Tolstoy (Russia)

10
Unification of Italy

• Cavour, Garibaldi, Emmanuel II, Napoleon III, and
  Austria
• Unification, 1871
• Economic problems, emigration, industrial N. vs.
  agricultural S.
• Christ stopped at Eboli

11
Unification of Germany

• Otto von Bismarck, Prime Minister of Prussia
• blood and iron
• realpolitik
• Franco-Prussian War
• Alsace Lorraine
• Second Reich

12
Demise of balance of power

• England Germany dominate
• lead industrially over Italy, France, Russia, and
  Austria-Hungary