A NEW SPIRIT OF CHANGE

1
CHAPTER 14
1820 - 1860
A NEW SPIRIT OF CHANGE
2
IMMIGRATION
SECTION 1
3
WHY PEOPLE MIGRATE

• PEOPLE FROM BRITAIN, IRELAND, GERMANY,
  SCANDINAVIA, AND CHINA
• PUSH-PULL FACTORS
• PUSH
• POPULATION GROWTH
• AGRICULTURAL CHANGES
• CROP FAILURES
• INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
• RELIGIOUS AND POLITICAL
• PULL
• FREEDOM
• ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITY
• ABUNDANT LAND

4
THE PEOPLE

• SCANDINAVIANS
• CHEAP LAND
• GERMANS
• FARMS AND BUSINESSES
• TEXAS
• IRISH
• POTATO FAMINE
• LOW PAYING JOBS

IRISH IMMAGANTS
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HARDSHIPS

• CITIES BECAME OVERCROWDED
• NOT ENOUGH HOUSING
• OVER CROWDING
• DISEASE
• FEW CITY SEVICES
• LOW PAYING JOBS
• PREJUDICE
• NATIVIST
• KNOW-NOTHING PARTY

Sweatshop
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SECTION 1 QUIZ

• WHAT COUNTRIES DID IMMIGRANTS COME FROM?1
• WHAT IS THE REASON WHY PEOPLE MIGRATE?4
• HOW IS THE POTATOE FAMINE RELATED TO IRISH
  IMMIGRATION?4
• WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THE WORST HARDSHIP
  IMMIGRANTS FACED?4
• WHAT CHANGES WOULD YOU MAKE TO THE KNOW-NOTHING
  PARTY?5

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AMERICAN ART AND LITERATURE
SECTION 2
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WRITING ABOUT AMERICA

• ROMANTICISM
• TRANSCENDENTALISM
• EMERSON
• THOREAU
• CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE
• OTHER WRITERS
• WALT WHITMAN
• EDGAR ALLEN POE
• HEMAN MELVILLE

9
AMERICAN ART

• HUDSON RIVER SCHOOL
• LANDSCAPES
• JOHN AUDUBON
• BIRDS AND ANIMALS
• AFRICAN AMERICANS
• SLAVES
• BASKETS, QUILTS, POTTERY
• DAVID DRAKE

10
SECTION 2 QUIZ

• WHY WAS THOREAU FAMOUS?1
• WHAT KIND OF BOOKS DID EDGAR ALLEN POE WRITE?1
• WHAT WAS THE NAME OF THE PURELY AMERICAN STYLE OF
  ART?1
• WHAT DID AUDUBON DRAW?1
• LIST TWO FORMS OF AFRICAN AMERICAN ART.1

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REFORMING AMERICA
SECTION 3
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REFORM MOVEMENTS

• REFORMING SOCIETY
• CHANGING THE WAY PEOPLE FOR THE BETTER
• RELIGIOUS
• SECOND GREAT AWAKING
• TEMPERANCE
• STOP DRINKING ALCOHOL
• WORKERS RIGHTS
• LABOR UNIONS
• STRIKES
• HIGHER WAGES AND BETTER WORKING CONDITIONS

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REFORM MOVEMENTS

• EDUCATION
• HORACE MAN
• STARTED PUBLIC EDUCATION
• FEW SCHOOLS IN THE SOUTH
• COLLEGE
• WOMEN COULD NOT ATTEND MOST
• ELIZABETH BLACKWELL, 1ST WOMAN DOCTOR
• AFRICAN AMERICANS
• ONLY A FEW COLLEGES WOULD ACCEPT
• ILLEGAL TO READ OR WRITE (SOUTH)

HORACE MANN
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REFORM MOVEMENTS

• DOROTHEA DIX
• AGE 14, TEACHER, WROTE TEXTBOOK
• TREATMENT OF MENTALLY ILL
• THOMAS GALLAUDET
• SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF
• SAMUEL HOWE
• SCHOOL FOR THE BLIND

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OTHER REFORMS

• NEWSPAPERS
• STEAM DRIVEN PRESSES
• NEWSPAPERS WERE CHEAPER
• AVERAGE PERSON COULD AFFORD TO BUY THEM (ONE
  CENT)
• UTOPIA
• IDEAL SOCIETY

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SECTION 3 QUIZ

• WHAT EXPLANATION DO YOU HAVE FOR THE REFORM
  MOVEMENTS?4
• HOW HAVE THE REFORM MOVEMENTS OF THE 1800S
  EFFECTED YOUR LIFE?5
• WHY WAS EDUCATION MAINLY FOR BOYS?3
• WHICH REFORM MOVEMENT WOULD YOU CHOOSETO START?
  WHY?6
• WHY DID NEWSPAPERS BECOME IMPORTANT IN THE
  1800S?2

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SECTION 4
WOMEN'S RIGHTS
ABOLITION
AND
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ABOLITIONIST

• WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISON
• PUBLISHED NEWS PAPERS (1831)
• SARAH AND ANGELINA GRIMKE
• LECTURED, PETITIONS
• JOHN Q. ADAMS
• INTRODUCED AMENDMENT
• DEFENDED AFRICANS ON AMISTAD

WILLIAM LLOYD GARRISONS NEWSPAPER
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ABOLITIONIST / FORMER SLAVES

• FREDERICK DOUGLASS
• LECTURER
• WROTE AUTOBIGRAPHY
• BOUGHT OWN FREEDOM
• SOJOURNER TRUTH (ISABELLA)
• SPEAKER FOR ABOLITION

FREDERICK DOUGLASS
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ESCAPING TO FREEDOM

• UNDERGROUND RAILROAD
• A SERIES OF TRAILS AND SAFE HOUSES
• TRAILS WERE THE TRACKS SAFE HOUSES WERE STATIONS,
  AND THE LEADERS WERE THE CONDUCTORS
• FROM THE SOUTH TO CANADA
• USUALLY TRAVEL AT NIGHT
• HARRIET TUBMAN
• MOST FAMOUS CONDUCTOR
• MADE 19 JOURNEYS TO FREE SLAVES

HARRIET TUBMAN
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WOMENS RIGHTS

• WOMEN DID NOT HAVE MANY MORE RIGHTS THAN SLAVES
• MANY ABOLITIONIST ALSO FOUGHT FOR WOMENS RIGHTS
• SENECA FALLS CONVENTION
• SUFFRAGE RIGHT TO VOTE
• WOMEN GAINED MORE RIGHTS AND CONTINUED TO FIGHT
  FOR MORE
• 1920S WOMEN GIVEN THE RIGHT TO VOTE

ELIZABETH CADY STANTON AND SUSAN B. ANTHONY
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SECTION 4 QUIZ

• HOW COULD A NEWSPAPER HELP END SLAVERY?5
• WHY WERE FORMER SLAVE EFECTIVE ABOLITIONIST?4
• DESCRIBE THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD.2
• WHY DID SO MANY ABOLITIONIST JOIN THE WOMENS
  RIGHTS MOVEMENT?5
• WHY DID IT TAKE SO LONG FOR WOMEN TO GAIN THE
  RIGHT TO VOTE?4