Interferometer Observations of Dense Gas in Protostellar Clusters

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Johnstone et al. (2000)
Allen et al. (2005)
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Tracing Dense Core Structure with NH3
Oph B2
NH3 (1,1) int. intensity (GBT)
850 mm continuum (JCMT)
NH3 emission shows excellent (but not perfect)
correspondence with dust continuum emission
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Tracing Dense Core Structure with NH3
Oph B2
NH3 (1,1) int. intensity (GBTATCA)
850 mm continuum (JCMT)
NH3 emission shows excellent (but not perfect)
correspondence with dust continuum emission
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Tracing Dense Core Structure with NH3
NH3 (1,1) in Oph B
B3
B2
B1
Friesen et al. (2006, in preparation)
Only 20/48 hr observed so far, rest scheduled for
October
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Tracing Dense Core Structure with NH3
NH3 in Oph B, C F
Over next semester, will get more GBT and new VLA
data

• with (1,1) and (2,2) lines, will derive kinetic
  temperature across several Oph cores
• with opacity, column densities NH3 abundances
• with line widths, probe velocities with TK, get
  thermal and non-thermal motions simultaneously,
  dynamics

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Promise of a GBT K-band FPA
5 Rationales for a K-band FPA

• increase NH3 observing speed by gt1 order of
  magnitude, map dense cores faster and with better
  sampling
• allow for more serendipitous discovery (early
  cores?) with wider areal coverage of maps
• maximize usage of precious K-band conditions
  at GB
• improve core statistics significantly with NH3
  follow-up of new Galactic surveys
• will provide crucial single-dish data for K-band
  EVLA projects

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Promise of a GBT K-band FPA
Gould Belt 3D schematic
Grenier (2004)
Gould Belt consists of SF molecular clouds within
500 pc including Orion, Taurus, Ophiuchus,
Perseus, Serpens, etc.
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Cepheus Flare
IC 5146
Orion
R CrA
Pipe Nebula
Taurus
Ophiuchus
Serpens
110 sq. deg. at Av 3
1000 sq. deg. at Av 1
Lupus
Nutter (2005), after Cambrésy (1999)
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Promise of a GBT K-band FPA

• New Local SF Surveys
• JCMT Legacy Survey using SCUBA-2/HARP to map
  Goulds Belt clouds to Av 1-2 in 450/850 mm
  lines, polarization in sub-regions (2006)
• Herschel GT Key Project using SPIRE/PACS to map
  entirety of Goulds Belt clouds to Av gt 3 at
  80/110, 170, 250, 360, 520 mm (2008)
• Spitzer c2d2 Legacy using IRACMIPS over GB
  clouds (2003-2007)

SCUBA-2
HARP
Herschel Space Observatory
Spitzer Space Telescope
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Infrared Dark CloudsExtinction features in the
mid-IR
Promise of a GBT K-band FPA
MSX 8 mm continuum
from Jackson (2005)
10,000 cold dust clouds seen in silhouette
against warmer background dust.
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Promise of a GBT K-band FPA
l 326-335 deg, b lt 1 deg
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Promise of a GBT K-band FPA

• New Galactic Plane Surveys
• JCMT Legacy Survey (JPS) using SCUBA-2 to map
  b lt 1 (2006)
• Herschel OT Key Project (HiGal) using SPIRE/PACS
  to map b lt 1 (2008 not yet approved)
• Spitzer Legacy (GLIMPSE1, 2, 3, MIPSGAL)
  (2003-2007), using IRAC and MIPS over various
  ranges of l
• HI Surveys (IGPS, etc.), high-resolution 21 cm
  mapping

SCUBA-2
Herschel Space Observatory
Spitzer Space Telescope
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Summary K-band FPA

• synergistic, unique data to other single-dish
  FPAs
• allow large surveys of NH3 emission, yielding
  kinetic temperatures, column densities, and
  insight into the dense core dynamics improve
  core statistics
• maximize use of precious K-band conditions in
  Green Bank
• provide crucial single-dish data for K-band EVLA
  projects in NH3, CCS, HC3N, RRLs, H2O masers,
  etc.
• a 10 x 10 array could yield 5 x 5 full-beam
  coverage

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Mr. KLEAN
K-band Line Emission Array of Nrao
Now with the Power of Ammonia!
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