Language Development Kuczaj

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Language Development (Kuczaj Hill Kuhl)
(continued)Next time Eyewitness Memory (Ceci
et al.)
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Developments Beyond the 2-Word Phase
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Developments Beyond the 2-Word Phase

• Inflections

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Developments Beyond the 2-Word Phase

• Inflections
• Transformations

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Transformational Grammar Rules of syntax that
allow one to transform declarative sentences into
questions, negatives, imperatives, and other
kinds of sentences
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Summary

• A system of rules
• In part different from adults
• Complex
• Mostly not conscious

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Language Acquisition
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linguistic input LAD linguistic
ability
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Fast mapping A process in which children acquire
the meaning of a word after a brief exposure
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Syntactic Bootstrapping A proposed mechanism of
semantic development in which children use
syntactic cues to infer the meanings of words
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p. 399
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Syntactic Cues to Word MeaningSyntactic Cues
Usual Type of Meaning This is a fep/the fep.
Individual members of a category These
are feps. Multiple members of a
category This is fep. Specific
individual This is some fep. Nonindivuated
stuff John feps. Action with one
participant John feps Bill. Action with
two participants This thing is feppy.
Property The dog is fep the table. Spatial
relationship
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Semantic bootstrapping A proposed mechanism of
syntactical development in which children use
semantic cues to infer aspects of syntax
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Constraints Implicit assumptions about word
meanings that are hypothesized to narrow down the
possibilities that children must consider and
hence to facilitate the task of word learning
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• Table 10.2 Some Processing Strategies, or
  Constraints, That Guide Young Childrens
  Inferences about the Meaning of New Words.

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Joint attention Using cues (such as direction of
gaze) to identify and share the attentional focus
of another
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Brown, R., Hanlon, C. (1970). Derivational
complexity and order of acquisition in child
speech. In J. R. Hayes (Ed.), Cognition and the
development of language. New York Wiley.
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Preverbal interchanges
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Preverbal interchangesResponse to child speech
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Preverbal interchangesResponse to child
speech Expansions Recasts Clarification
questions
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Preverbal interchangesResponse to child
speech Expansions Recasts Clarification
questionsSpeech to children
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Motherese (Child-Directed Speech) Simplified
speech directed at very young children by adults
and older children
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ChomskyNativistic Theory
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Nativistic TheoryTypes of Evidence
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Nativistic TheoryTypes of Evidence

• Gap between input and output

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linguistic input LAD linguistic
ability
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Nativistic TheoryTypes of Evidence

• Gap between input and output
• Rapidity of learning

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Nativistic TheoryTypes of Evidence

• Gap between input and output
• Rapidity of learning
• Independence from other aspects of intelligence

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Nativistic TheoryTypes of Evidence

• Gap between input and output
• Rapidity of learning
• Independence from other aspects of intelligence
• Learned best when young

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Nativistic TheoryTypes of Evidence

• Gap between input and output
• Rapidity of learning
• Independence from other aspects of intelligence
• Learned best when young
• Linguistic universals