Constitutions and Federalism

1
Constitutions and Federalism
PS 202 -- American Political Institutions and
Processes
Fall 2000
2
Correction Figure 2. Demand and Supply of Public
GoodsGlenn Beamer, Creative Politics (p. 23)
Red Missing in book
Tax Costs
P Marginal Cost of a Public Good
Total Demand
P3
P2
Dc
P1
Y
X
Da
Db
Quantity of Services
3
Effects of Federalism on State Policy Making
General Parameters
I. Politicians Political Policy Objective
Favorable Benefit/Tax Ratios
Glenn Beamer, Creative Politics
4
Effects of Federalism on State Policy Making
General Parameters
II. Setting
State Policy Choices within Revenue Budget Line
Public Goods
PG
Revenue Budget Line
PB
Particular Benefits
Glenn Beamer, Creative Politics
5
Effects of Federalism on State Policy Making
General Parameters
III. Governing Principles
?Dependability of Revenues
?Horizontal Transferability
?Vertical Transferability
?Obscurability (Fiscal Illusion)
?Accountability (Political and Policy)
?Equity (Ability to Pay vs. Deserving to Pay)
Glenn Beamer, Creative Politics
?Political Symbolism
6
Impact on Policy Choices with Federalism
Setting Altered State Policy Choices Due to
Federal Grants
First Income Effects (Revenue Sharing)
Public Goods
PG
PG
PB
PB
Particular Benefits
Glenn Beamer, Creative Politics
7
Impact on Policy Choices with Federalism
Setting Altered State Policy Choices Due to
Federal Grants
Second Substitution Effects (Categorical Grants)
What is the effect of changing matching grant
ratios?
Public Goods
PG
PB
PB
Particular Benefits
Glenn Beamer, Creative Politics
8
Impact on Policy Choices with Federalism
Governing Policy Principles Affected by
Federalism
?Dependability of Revenues
?Horizontal Transferability
?Vertical Transferability
?Obscurability (Fiscal Illusion)
?Accountability (Political and Policy)
?Equity (Ability to Pay vs. Deserving to Pay)
Glenn Beamer, Creative Politics
9
Set-Up Publics - Voters, Interests, Political
Parties, and Media
PS 202 -- American Political Institutions and
Processes
Fall 2000
10
Three Modes of Public Participation
- Elections
Elected Officials
Selection (and unified and divided government)
Signaling
Political Parties
Elections
Public Participation
11
How People Vote
Socialization Model
Long-term Forces
Short-term Forces
Partisan Affiliation
Issue Positions
Vote
Socialization
Candidate Evaluations
12
How People Vote
Socialization Model
Endogeneity Model
Long-term Forces
Short-term Forces
Partisan Affiliation
Issue Positions
Vote
Socialization
Candidate Evaluations
Socio-Economic Factors
Perceived Government/Party Performance
13
How People Vote
Socialization Model
Endogeneity Model
Retrospective Voting Model
Long-term Forces
Short-term Forces
Partisan Affiliation
Media
Issue Positions
Vote
Socialization
Candidate Evaluations
Media
Socio-Economic Factors
Perceived Government/Party Performance
Perceived Government/Party Performance
Media
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Three Modes of Public Participation
- Public Opinion
Elected Officials
Selection (and unified and divided government)
Signaling
Signaling
Public Judgment
Mass Opinion
Political Parties
Elections
Public Opinion
Public Participation
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Three Modes of Public Participation
- Interest Groups
Elected Officials
Signaling Influence
Selection (and unified and divided government)
Signaling
Signaling
(Analysis, constituency, contributions,
coalitions)
Public Judgment
Mass Opinion
Privileged Groups
Latent Groups
Political Parties
Elections
Public Opinion
Interest Groups
Public Participation
16
Typology of Interest Groups (Voluntary
Associations)
3/4 are occupationally based
1985 Survey - Jack Walker, Mobilizing Interest
Groups in America
17
Domestic Policy Mood of Nation
JFK Elected
Clinton Elected
LBJ Landslide
Watergate/Nixon Resignation
Vietnam Escalation
Reagan Elected
James Stimson, Michael Machuen, Robert Erikson,
Dynamic Representation, American Political
Science Review (1995).
18
Public Opinion and Policy in the States
MA
CA
AL
Robert Erikson, Gerald Wright, and John McIver,
Statehood Democracy