Green Building Design

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Green Building Design
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Overview

• Convergent design problem involving innovation
  and resource preservation
• Prioritizing energy and resource management in
  our day-to-day lives

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Green Building Design

• Presenters Kenneth Chan
• Jane Yip
• BESc. Civil

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Project Location Dimensions

• Attach to the Spencer Engineering Building on its
  East wall
• A passageway is designed on the 2nd floor which
  will provide access to the Thompson Engineering
  Building.
• Entrance to Spencer Engineering Building on 2nd
  and 3rd floor
• The Engineering Green Building will be 33m by
  32.5m
• 4 floors-each with a height of 13ft

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1st Floor - Students

• Common facilities
• (Computer lab, club space, reference libraries,
  student workspace, etc)
• Green water fountain feature with irrigation
  water system (symbolization of earth)
• Atrium (natural sunlight, enhance air quality)
• Shades (solar panels)

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2nd Floor- Faculty members

• 19 standard size offices
• 2 conference rooms
• 2 Dean offices with reception space
• Green balcony (green grid system)

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3rd Floor Graduate students

• 17 (4) grad students offices
• 6 Admin offices
• 2 Standard Laboratories

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4th floor - Laboratories

• 6 Standard Laboratories
• 2 Seminar Rooms

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Green roof

• Elt Green System
• Pre-grown interlock green roof tiles 100cm x
  100cm
• Advantages
• Help address the Urban Heat Island Effect
• storm water runoff

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Structural Design

• Fly Ash Concrete
• Inert Non-Toxic (Study conduted by David Budac
  at UWO)
• Uses Recycled Materials
• Saves Energy by 32 to 44 (Study conducted by
  Piete VanderWerf at University of Boston)
• Early Stage of design, a 1-way 2-way gravity
  flooring system supporting by Beams Columns
• Modified to become a flat slab system with drop
  panels

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Loading Summary (OBC1997)
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Loading Summary (OBC1997)
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Slab

• Slab thickness 270mm
• (A23.3 Cl. 13.3.4)
• Drop Panel Thickness 200mm
• Panel Size 1300 mm X 1300 mm
• (A23.3 Cl. 13.11.6)

1300mm
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Column Design

• Transfer loads at level 2,3,4 Roof into the
  ground
• Length 3m
• Square columns
• 400 x 400 mm
• Span Length 6.25m and 6.55m

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LEED Certification

• Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
• is a rating system that is created by the U.S
  Green Building Council.
• provides a common standard and complete
  framework for assessing building performance and
  sustainability goals.
• Achieved 26 points
• (Rank Certified,26 32 points)
• Scoring Categories (Sustainable Sites, Material
  Resources)
• 10 points contribution by electrical, mechanical
  and software departments
• Final performance level Silver

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Incorporating an Alternative Energy into the HVAC
System for Green Building Design

• Presenter John Cummings BESc. Mechanical

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Modeling the Building

• The building was modeled using HAP 4.2 in order
  to determine the peak heating and cooling loads,
  which were 2165MBtu/hr, 99 tons respectively.
• Each floor was broken down into 5 zones, north,
  south, west and east exterior, as well as an
  interior zone.
• The system was then designed based on the cooling
  loads.

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Closed Loop System Geothermal System
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System Design
Intake
Exhaust
FRESH AIR UNIT
BOILER
ZONE
HP
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Capital Costs
Projections from 2005 project, quote from
Empire Construction Priced from Trane
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Capital Costs
Oil furnace _at_ 60 efficiencyElectric furnace _at_
100 efficiencyPropane furnace _at_ 70
efficiency Ground Source Heat Pump COP 3.15
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Costs of System
COP of 1.5 COP of 3.35
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Simple Payback
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CO2 Emissions
Emissions rates 114.4 lb / GJ of natural gas
and 0.88 lb/kw-hr
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Pluggable Automated Conditioning System

• Presenter Usman Choudhary
• BESc. Software

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Software for the Green

• Control Environment
• Design approach to converge multiple control
  systems
• Framework design ensures a better expandability
  of the control systems in case of future
  enhancements

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Implementation Details

• Unified Modeling Language Design
• Rational Rose
• Implementation
• Data Acquisition Card
• Microsoft Visual Studio .Net Framework
• C / C
• MySQL Database Server
• Structured Query Language

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Interface-Oriented Design

• Interfaces outline business contracts
• E.g. Getting sensor value Set Maximum Limit etc.
• Expandability
• Business contracts are inherited
• Flexibility
• Interface defines object interactions

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Business Class Design
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Business Case
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Database Design
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Functionality Overview

• Setup and Manage Sensors, Units of Measure,
  Controls
• Manage Errors
• real time application
• On-line interfacing
• Poll sensors
• Automate events based on sensor results

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Weather Watcher

• Weather Watcher Expansion to the temperature
  control system
• Allow the system to maintain a temperature in
  accordance with the external temperature
• Use a web service to attain the current
  temperature and condition the rooms accordingly

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Efficient Lighting System For the Green Building

• Presenters Billal Zeitoun
• Shereen Mathews
• BESc. Electrical

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Efficient Lighting System for the Green Building

• Lighting Technologies to be Used
• T8 F25 ( 2- 4 tubes)
• Light Intensity sensor technology (turns off 1or
  2 tubes)
• Timer technology (turns off 1 or 2 tubes from 12
  am - 6am)
• Up-lighting
• LED (with current drivers)
• In elevators
• Task lighting
• Exit signs
• Compact Fluorescents
• Timer technology (turns off one tube from 12 am
  -6am)
• Motion sensors
• Light Shelves Sky lights
• Future Technology Light pipes
• With Reflective material

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Light Intensity Sensor Circuit for
Fluorescents Turn off one tube in a 2 tube
fixture ( or 2 tubes off in a 4 tube fixture)
when intensity goes below 25fc. Prototype can be
demonstrated after the presentation

• The Fluorescent Timer
• A 555 Timer installed to the Fluorescent
  fixtures
• Between 12am and 6am, half of the tubes in a
  fixture will turn off in hallways.

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White LEDs

• Innovative technology
• Can be used for illuminating purposes
• Up to 47 lumen/watts
• Satisfy lighting requirements of elevators 10
  fc
• Lasts 10 times longer than fluorescents
• No UV
• Needs constant current for uniform brightness
• Prototype demonstration during Q A session

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Light Shelf Design

• Prevent the sunrays from coming in contact with
  the equipment and material.
• Increase the intensity of the light in the space
  by reflecting the sunrays onto its ceiling.
• Very cost effective and extremely helpful
  specially in the laboratories.

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Financial Analysis
Space 1, using T8 F25 only with timer or/and
light sensors (hallways, inner offices) Space
2, using CFL with timer or/and light sensors
(Vestibules, washrooms, café, stairs) Space 3
using LED (elevators, task lighting) Space 4
using T8 F25 and task lighting LED with light
sensors (offices)
LLF 0.75 CU 0.66 _at_ 0.058/kWh

• 40 more savings than T8 F32
• 64 more savings than T5
• Payback 4 - 6 years new installation
  costs

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Environment Impact Average Reduced Air Pollution
(lbs. Carbon Dioxide) Energy Savings (kWh) x
1.6 lbs 336,000 Average Reduced Air Pollution
(g. Sulphur Dioxide) Energy Savings (kWh) x 5.3
g 2451 Average Reduced Air Pollution (g.
Nitrogen Oxides) Energy Savings (kWh) x 2.8 g
1295 Reduction of Light Pollution Using
IESNA cut-off standard for egress lighting
Reduce the amount of light wasted lighting up the
atmosphere Timer and sensor technology
Suitable at low temperatures Metal halide
lamps Cut-off lighting fixtures for proper
shielding
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Summary Light Technology F25 T8 with light
sensors and timers LEDs for illuminating
elevators, washrooms (motion detectors), task
lighting, signage Compact Fluorescents Improved
use of Day-lighting Light shelves and
up-lighting Better working environment Light
Sensors Reduced Light Pollution Efficient
shielding Cost Savings 5080/year at
0.058/kWh Payback 4-6 years
Future Technology
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Energy System Design for the Green Building

• Presenters Noella Mabaya
• Cassie Chow
• BESc. Electrical

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System Overview
PV Modules
Maximum Power Point Tracker (MPPT)
Battery banks
London Hydro
Green building
Inverter
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MPPT

• DC to DC converter
• Goal To optimize the match between solar
  arrays and battery banks.
• Output of the converter is fed to the input of
  inverter.

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Inverter

• Power electronic circuit that transforms DC to AC
  signal.
• Goal Output a sine wave ( at least close to a
  true sine wave) with 120V rms and a frequency of
  60 Hz.
• The output is then fed to the Green building by
  passing through the UPS.

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Conclusion of the Proposed Energy System

• Goals
• To maintain the power system at nominal voltage
  and frequency.
• Generate sufficient power to meet demand of Green
  Building.
• To maintain optimum economy and security in the
  entire network.

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Projects Summary

• Green Building Design
• Incorporating an Alternative Energy into the HVAC
  System for Green Building Design
• Pluggable Automated Conditioning System
• Efficient Lighting System For the Green Building
• Energy System Design for the Green Building

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Thank you

• Questions and Comments Welcome