A needle in a haystack Methodically looking for information

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A needle in a haystack ?Methodically looking for
information

• andre.lohisse_at_dauphine.fr
• christine.okret-manville_at_dauphine.fr

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5 Using other sources
1 Understanding your Information needs
2 Making a topic analysis To find keywords
4 Learning how to use the Dauphine catalogue
3 USING YOUR LIBRARY
3.4 Preparing your search Strategy in the
catalogue
3.1 Getting a basic bibliography by a search on
the shelves
3.3 Preparing a search by Subject in the
catalogue
3.2 Knowing how To identify the different types
of documents you may use
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• 1.Understanding
• your information needs !

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Ask yourself the following questions

• What is the purpose of your search ?
• Do I need current or historical information ?
• Do I need opinions and debates on the subject ?
• Do I need any facts ? Figures ?
• statistics, financial data, primary evidence ?

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Ask yourself the following questions

• Is there a reading list books, articles you
  should know about before starting on the subject
  ?
• What is the deadline ? Submission date
• What are the constraints ? Specific resources,
  available resources

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2.Topic analysis and keywords

• Brainstorming
• Analyse your topic thoroughly to produce keywords
  to search with
• State your topic as specifically as possible
• Identify its various concepts (usually nouns
  rather than verbs or adjectives)
• Identify the aspects or issues of the topic (such
  as time, place)

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Activity

• Heres a topic
• The impact of environmental change on peoples
  health in South East Asia
• Identify the various concepts, then find their
  synonyms and related terms

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Identify the various concepts

• The impact of environmental change on peoples
  health in South East Asia

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List synonyms and related terms

• Environmental change
• global warming, greenhouse effect, ozone layer,
  pollution

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List synonyms and related terms

• Health
• Disease, illness, cancer

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List synonyms and related terms

• South East Asia

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List synonyms and related terms

• South East Asia
• Southeast Asia,
• Asia, Southeast
• Asia, Southeastern

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List synonyms and related terms

• South East Asia
• Burma, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam,
  Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei, Indonesia, East
  Timor, Philippines

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3. Using your library

• Before you start your search, here are the steps
  to follow
• Get a basic bibliography by a search on the
  shelves
• Know how to identify the different types of
  documents you may use
• Prepare a search by subject in the catalogue
• Prepare your search strategy in the catalogue

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3.1 Getting a basic bibliography by a search on
the shelves

• You can take books on the shelves to read the
  bibliography it can be a good starting point to
  make your search
• When they are in open access, all the books have
  a classification code each code is related to a
  subject
• Ex. 333 sustainable development

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3.2 Knowing how to identify the different types
of documents you may use

• Books (one or several authors), proceedings
• Books chapters
• Journals articles
• Dissertations, thesis
• Information found on web sites or electronic
  databases
• and the medium they are available in
• Paper
• Electronic

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Game !

• Identify the following items !

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• IKERD, John E. Sustainable capitalism a matter
  of common sense. Bloomfield, CT Kumarian Press,
  2005, 211 p.

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Right answer a Book !

• IKERD, John E. Sustainable capitalism a matter
  of common sense. Bloomfield, CT Kumarian Press,
  2005, 211 p.
• Name of the author IKERD, John E
• Title of the book Sustainable capitalism
• Publication place Bloomfield, CT
• Publisher Kumarian Press
• Publication year 2005
• Number of pages 211 p.

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• BLEISCHWITZ, Raimund, HENNICKE, Peter (Eds).
  Eco-efficiency, regulation and sustainable
  business towards a governance structure for
  sustainable development. Cheltenham UK,
  Northampton MA Edward Elgar, 2004, 228 p.

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Right answer a Book

• BLEISCHWITZ, Raimund, HENNICKE, Peter (Eds).
  Eco-efficiency, regulation and sustainable
  business towards a governance structure for
  sustainable development. Cheltenham UK,
  Northampton MA Edward Elgar, 2004, 228 p.
• Name of the authors Bleischwitz, Hennicke
• Title of the book Eco-efficiency, regulation
• Publication place Cheltenham, UK Northampton,
  MA
• Publisher Edward Elgar
• Publication year 2004
• Number of pages 228 p

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• BUFFETT, Sandy. Corporate governance and global
  disclosure let the sun shine in , in ZARSKY,
  Lyuba (ed.), International Investment for
  Sustainable Development balancing rights and
  rewards, London Sterling, VA Earthscan, 2004,
  p. 197-218.

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Right answer a Book Chapter

• BUFFETT, Sandy. Corporate governance and global
  disclosure let the sun shine in , in ZARSKY,
  Lyuba (ed.), International Investment for
  Sustainable Development balancing rights and
  rewards, London Sterling, VA Earthscan, 2004,
  p. 197-218.
• Name of the author of the chapter BUFFETT Sandy
• Title of the chapter Corporate governance and
  global
• In Name of the author of the book ZARSKY,
  Lyuba (ed.)
• Title of the book International Investment for
  Sustainable Development
• Publication place London Sterling, VA
• Publisher Earthscan
• Publication year 2004
• Pages of the chapter p. 197-218

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• PULLAM, Felicia. Corporate Responsibility as
  China Strategy , China Business Review,
  March/April 2006, vol 33, Issue 2, p.34-37.

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Right answer a Journal Article

• PULLAM, Felicia. Corporate Responsibility as
  China Strategy , China Business Review,
  March/April 2006, vol 33, Issue 2, p.34-37.
• Name of the author PULLAM, Felicia
• Title of the ARTICLE Corporate responsibility
  as China Strategy
• Title of the JOURNAL China Business Review
• Month/Year of publication March/April 2006
• Volume 33
• Issue 2
• Pages 34-37

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• PIAU, Nicolas. Larticulation entre développement
  durable et responsabilité sociétale dentreprise
  enjeux pratiques et éthiques pour les
  entreprises multinationales. Th. Sciences
  économiques. Paris Paris-Dauphine, 2004, 416 p.

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Right answer a Thesis

• PIAU, Nicolas. Larticulation entre développement
  durable et responsabilité sociétale dentreprise
  enjeux pratiques et ethiques pour les
  entreprises multinationales. Th. Sciences
  économiques. Paris Paris-Dauphine, 2004, 416 p.
• Name of the author PIAU, Nicolas
• Title of the thesis Larticulation entre
• Discipline Th. Sciences économiques
• University of submission Paris-Dauphine
• Year of submission 2004
• Number of pages 416 p.

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• ENS Mines de St Etienne. Agora 21. On line
  Available at http//www.agora21.org Accessed
  19th November 2007

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Right answer an Internet Web Site

• ENS Mines de St Etienne. Agora21. On line
  Available at http//www.agora21.org Accessed
  19th November 2007
• Author of the site (or institution) ENS Mines
  de St Etienne
• Title of the site On line Agora21
• Available at http//www.agora21.org
• Accessed date Accessed 19th November 2007

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• UNRUH, Gregory C., CARRILLO-HERMOSILLA, Javier.
  Globalizing Carbon Lock-In Energy Policy, July
  2006, Vol. 34, Issue 10, p.1185-1197. Available
  in Business Source Complete Accessed 19th
  November 2007

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Right answer an article found in a database

• UNRUH, Gregory C., CARRILLO-HERMOSILLA, Javier.
  Globalizing Carbon Lock-In Energy Policy, July
  2006, Vol. 34, Issue 10, p.1185-1197. Available
  in Business Source Complete Accessed 19th
  November 2007
• Name of the authors Unruh, Carrillo-Hermosilla
• Title of the ARTICLE Globalizing Carbon Lock-In
• Title of the JOURNAL Energy Policy
• Year of publication 2006
• Volume 34
• Issue 10
• Pages p. 1185-1197
• Available at URL of the web site or Available in
  Name of the database Business Source Complete
• Accessed date 19th November 2007

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• Données financières ALCATEL. Available in Kompass
  Market 2 France CD Rom, 32, oct 2005.
  Accessed 3rd April 2006.

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This presentation applies to any other type of
information found in a database (figures,
statistics )

• Données financières ALCATEL. Available in Kompass
  Market 2 France CD Rom, 32, oct 2005.
  Accessed 3rd April 2006.
• Author of the information
• Title of the information Données financières
  ALCATEL
• Available at URL of the web site or Name of the
  database Kompass Market 2 France CD-Rom,
  32, oct 2005
• Accessed date Accessed 3rd April 2006

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Use of the library catalogue

• Use the Library Catalogue to search for material
  
• Dictionaries and Encyclopaedias
• Academic Texts
• Journals
• Newspapers
• Specialised sources

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Journals

• Journals provide more detailed areas of coverage
  and are more up to date than books
• The titles of journals (not articles) kept in the
  library can be searched for using the Library
  Catalogue
• In addition to the printed journals collection in
  the library there are many full-text e-journals
  available

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Newspapers

• Newspapers provide overviews of current issues
  but will probably be prejudiced Newspaper
  titles can be searched for using the Library
  Catalogue
• There are many full-text newspaper databases on
  the internet
• e.g. Factiva

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Specialised sources

• A wide range of specialised sources provide
  necessary subject-specific information and are
  available directly on the library web site
• e.g. electronic sources of statistics, financial
  data, etc.

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3.3 Subject headings

• Finding the right subject headings is crucial to
  your search in the library catalogue(s)

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Activity

• Find the right equivalent !
• Try to figure out the English equivalent of the
  following French terms
• Développement durable
• Gestion des écosystèmes
• Audits denvironnement
• Micro-crédit

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• Find the right equivalent !
• Décroissance soutenable
• Mondialisation
• Environnement
• Ethique commerciale
• Ethique des affaires

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Library subject headings

• The subject headings used in the library
  catalogues are not necessarily those used in
  everyday conversation or in books

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French subject headings

• Développement durable
• Gestion des écosystèmes
• Audits denvironnement
• Micro-crédit Microfinance
• Ethique commerciale, Ethique des affaires,
  Ethique financière
• Morale des affaires

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English library subject catalogues

• Développement durable
• Sustainable development
• Gestion des écosystèmes
• Ecosystem management
• Comptabilité verte, audits denvironnement Envir
  onmental auditing
• Microfinance
• Microfinance

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English library subject catalogues

• Décroissance soutenable
• No English equivalent
• Mondialisation
• Globalization
• Environnement
• No English equivalent
• see Ecology, Adaptation (biology), Euthenics,
  Nature and nurture
• Commerce équitable
• Fair trade is not used in English and American
  library catalogues

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English library subject catalogues

• Ethique des affaires
• is not used as
• a French library subject heading
• Correct subject heading Morale des
  affaires
• Business ethics

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Unusual subjects !

• Fishery conservation
• (English library subject heading)
• Conservation des ressources halieutiques !!!
• (French library subject heading)

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Library of Congress subject headings
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Library of Congress subject headings
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Thesaurus

• Some databases provide a browsable list of
  preferred terms
• This list or Thesaurus, can be used to get
  better results for specific subject headings

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Example from Business Source Complete
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Ticking the subjects you want to search will add
each one to the search box, from which the search
can be executed
Source Business Source Complete
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3.4 Search strategies

• Boolean logic
• Truncation, wild cards

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Boolean logic

• AND, OR, NOT, are called Boolean operators and
  the process of combining them is called Boolean
  logic

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AND - To search for material which contains two
or more relevant words from the different
aspects. Use AND as the connecting word. This
narrows your search. e.g. Microfinance and India
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OR - To search for material which contains a
range of words which have a similar meaning. Use
OR as the connecting word. This widens your
search. e.g. India or Pakistan
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• NOT - To search for material which contains one
  aspect but which excludes the next. Use NOT as
  the connecting word. This focuses your search.
• e.g. Industrial ecology not United States

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Truncation

• Truncation is used to allow for variations in
  word length or spelling.
• Truncation allows you to search for words that
  begin with the letters you specify.
• The truncation character is usually a

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Truncation

• Example
• Motivat will retrieve
• Motivate, Motivating, Motivation

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Wild card

• Wild card searching is a variation of truncation
• It allows for a specific number of variations
  within a word of the same word length
• The wild card character is usually a ?

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Wild card

• Example
• Globali?ation will retrieve globalisation or
  globalization
• Int??net will retrieve Internet or Intranet

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Wild card

• In some databases, the wild card symbol may also
  be used to permit a set number of additional
  characters at the end of a search term.
• e.g. Motivat??? will retrieve
• Motivating or Motivation but no other variants

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4. Learning how to use the Dauphine catalogue

• A catalogue gives the following informations
• WHAT documents are in the library every type of
  document books, journals, research papers,
  dissertations, thesis
• WHERE they are (classification system)
• WHETHER they can be borrowed
• A catalogue gives only bibliographical
  references, NO full text.
• When there is an electronic version of a
  document, the reference contains the URL to the
  full text.

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Basic Search

• Principle all the words of a reference are
  indexed
• You can type author, words of the title,
  keyword(s) use truncation
• Criterias to limit the research date, language,
  type of document (CAUTION use only the type
  Périodique)
• Positive side Simplicity of research
• Negative side Many references in return to your
  request

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Basic Search
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Advanced Search

• 4 criterias of query author, words of the
  title, keyword, collection.
• And the criterias to limit the search (for a
  journal use the criterion Périodique)
• CAUTION If you are looking for an article in a
  catalogue, ALWAYS type the name of the JOURNAL,
  not the name of the article
• CAUTION Keywords are not natural language
  keywords (like on the Internet), but keywords
  taken from a specific list called Rameau

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Extended search
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Research by subject

• In French catalogues, keywords are taken from a
  specific list called Rameau
• How can you find the right Rameau keywords ?
• Find the reference of a book dealing with your
  subject by typing one of your keywords in the
  Mots du titre field, then use the Rameau
  keywords at the end of the reference

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Finding the right Rameau keywords an example
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• TIPS TO FIND SPECIFIC DOCUMENTS DISSERTATIONS
• Among criterias to limit the search, choose
  Périodiques, this will also give references of
  dissertations not written in Dauphine

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• TIPS TO FIND SPECIFIC DOCUMENTS
• THESIS
• 2 searches can be performed, according to the
  date of submission of the thesis
• Use Basic Search, type the name of the author (or
  words of the title) and add paris 9 th if
  this thesis was written before 2004
• Use Basic Search, type the name of the author (or
  words of the title) and add paris dauphine th
  if this thesis was written in 2004 of later.

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BOOKS / Monographs Where to find them

• Where they are stored
• Bibliothèque de recherche
• Bibliothèque détude
• Their classification code
• Exemple 333 sustainable development
• Their availibility
• En rayon
• Empruntés
• En traitement / En différé

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JOURNALS What a reference tells us

• The issues we own at Dauphine on paper medium
  last issue received, previous issues we keep
• Where to find the issues (reading or storage
  rooms)
• The classification code (P number)
• If available, the URL to access the full text or
  table of contents

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5. Using other sources

• If you dont find some of the documents you are
  looking for
• If you have not found enough documents
• As a complement to your search in the Dauphine
  catalogue, you can use other sources
• Other catalogues the Sudoc
• Databases
• Internet websites

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Other catalogues

• The SUDOC, gathering the holdings of all the
  libraries of universities and some higher
  education schools (ESSEC, HEC)
• Freely accessible online
• http//www.sudoc.abes.fr

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THE SUDOC

• What the SUDOC contains
• all types of documents books, journals, maps...
  
• on all media (paper, electronic)
• summaries for thesis
• access to the full text of the document (if URL)
• 50 of the contents are in French, almost 25 in
  English

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• With the SUDOC, you can
• identify a document,
• know where it is
• know whether it is available for InterLibrary
  Loans (ILL)

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Sudoc Basic Search
Search criterion
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Sudoc Extended Search - Fields
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Sudoc Extended Search - Limiters
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Sudoc Example of reference (1)
A thesis
A book
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Sudoc Example of a reference (2)
Click here to know where this book Is kept
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Sudoc checking if a document is available for
ILL
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Finding information review

• Problems that can occur when trying to find
  information for a paper, essay, assignment

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What can I do about it ?

• I dont understand what it is I have to search
• Re-read carefully the subject of your work
• Ask the person who set the subject
• Try to rephrase the question with your own words

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What can I do about it ?

• There is nothing on this subject
• Analyse the subject thoroughly
• Use thesaurus
• Think of narrower or broader terms
• Think of alternative words

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What can I do about it ?

• Ive found some information, but Im not really
  satisfied
• Find the right resources for that type of
  information
• Dont dream ! The information you want may not
  exist all in one source
• You will have to gather pieces from various
  databases to get the full picture

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What can I do about it ?

• Ive found some brilliant websites and a couple
  of newspaper articles, is it satisfactory ?
• Are you sure that the articles you found are
  objective ?
• Is it really suitable for your level of
  understanding of the topic ?
• Unless this is exactly what youve been told to
  do
• You should probably look at other scholarly
  sources books, peer-reviewed journals