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Program Theory and Logic Models 2

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In Theory (Part 1), we cover: Model of the Health Problem as a starting point. ... Synonyms: medical treatments, pharmacological treatments, psychological therapy, ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Program Theory and Logic Models 2


1
Program Theory and Logic Models (2)
  • CHSC 433
  • Module 3/Chapter 5 Part 2
  • L. Michele Issel, PhD
  • UIC School of Public Health

2
Theory (Part 1) (Part 2)
  • In Theory (Part 1), we cover
  • Model of the Health Problem as a starting point.
  • What is the Program Theory
  • What is the Effect Theory
  • What is the Process Theory
  • In Theory (Part 2), we cover
  • Good interventions
  • The Pyramid
  • Development of Program Theory
  • Roots of program failure

3
Learning ObjectivesBy the end of this module,
you will be able to
  • Define interventions and give examples of good
    interventions.
  • Outline the steps involved in developing a
    program theory.
  • Develop a program logic model.
  • Explain two ways in which a program can fail.

4
Program TheoryThe turquoise arrow on the far
left signifies first reflect, then do the
details.
5
Its all about the intervention
  • The Organizational Plan and the Service
    Utilization Plan (as the two main elements of the
    Process Theory) exist to enable the delivery of
    the intervention.

6
Elements of Effect Theory
7
Interventions
  • Are those actions done intentionally to have an
    effect on the program participants.
  • Are verbs.
  • Synonyms medical treatments, pharmacological
    treatments, psychological therapy, public health
    regulation enforcement, policy formulation.

8
Criteria of a Good Intervention
  • Technologically feasible
  • Health gains must result
  • Be politically feasibility
  • Addresses societal priorities
  • Be manipulable
  • Have a reasonable cost

9
Interventions as Components
  • Is the intervention a single action or a series,
    group, package of actions?
  • Could each set of actions be delivered separately
    as a package?
  • Do the packages of actions have different
    effects?
  • If the intervention consists of packages, then
    the program has components!

10
Caveats to Components
  • For each intervention, whether delivered
    singularly or as a program component, there needs
    to be
  • A connection to the overall Effect Theory
  • An intervention theory
  • Supporting Organizational and Service Utilization
    Plans

11
Considering Community
  • Increasing federal agency emphasis placed on
    changing health across entire communities, not
    just of individuals or groups of individuals.

12
Think Interventions and Program Theory Across
the Pyramid
13
Examples of Interventions for Individuals and
Community
  • Individual Level Skills building Information
    giving Psychotherapy Emotional support Marital
    counseling Medications Medical or dental
    procedures
  • Population LevelWater fluoridation Media
    campaignsImmunization programsPolicy formation
    Income supplements Insurance supplements
    Delivery system changesAir quality
    controlWorkplace safety

14
Approaches to Program Theory Development
  • Deductive
  • Systematically derive from empirical literature
  • Systematically derive the theory for observations
    and data
  • Inductive
  • Articulate what is intuitively being to make a
    difference, infer from what is being done
  • User-focused
  • Ask the evaluation users how the program works

15
Deduce, Induce
  • Deduction as common approach to generate Effect
    Theory.
  • Induction as useful to identify the Espoused and
    Theory-in-Action these are key to both Effect
    and Process Theories.
  • Espousedwhat claim to do
  • Theory-in-Actionwhat is really done

16
Getting at Program Theory
17
Logic Models are ...
  • Graphic or tabular representation of how program
    processes are linked to outcomes
  • Required of federal program grantees, and various
    foundation grantees.
  • Revised and revised and revised as the planning
    evolves.

18
Limitations of Logic Models
  • ! Do NOT explain how the intervention causes the
    effect !
  • Thus, the need for the Effect Theory based on the
  • Model of the Health Problem.

19
The Logic of Logic Models
  • Useful in
  • Streamlining program and evaluation
  • Focusing on key, critical elements
  • Communicating complex ideas to variety of
    audiences
  • Checking that it all fits together

20
To Avoid Program Failures
  • Choose empirically tested intervention based on a
    biological, psychological, behavioral, or social
    theory that FIT the health problem.
  • Choose intervention that FIT the logics.
  • Program Theory is the reality check for those
    choices.
  • Its all about stacking the deck in your favor.

21
Causes of Program Failure
  • Non-Program
  • No participants
  • No program activities, no interventions
  • Wrong intervention
  • Not appropriate, not effective for the problem
  • Unstandardized intervention
  • Variations within program, across sites

22
Roots of Program FailureAdapted from Carol Weiss
23
Ending with An Example
  • The Model of the Health Problem for an example
  • Goal of Improving Birth Outcomes.
  • The Process and Effect components are shown.

24
Effect Theory Example Goal Improve Newborn
Health Status
25
Corresponding Logic ModelLogic Model elements
defined in yellow row. Very simplified!
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