Diapositiva 1

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Diapositiva 1

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Title: Diapositiva 1

1
Curso de Inglés
charter 3
Autora Maité Pérez Montes
2

Auxiliary Verbs
List of auxiliary verbs
Some important rules
May and might
Should and would
Can and could
Must
Need
Ought to

List of Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary Present
Past P. Participle
Be am,
is, are was, were been
Do do,
does did
done
Have have, has
had had
Can
can could
been able
May
may might .
. . . .
Must
must had to
had to
Will .
. . . . would
. . . . .
Need
need didn't need to needed
Shall .
. . . . should
. . . . .
Ought
ought ought .
. . . .
Used
. . . . . used
. . . . .

Some important rules
All auxiliaries except be, have and do have the
same form in all persons.
Examples
I can He can We can You can
The negative is formed with the negative particle
not after the auxiliary.
Examples
I must not He has not They do not
The auxiliaries be, have, ought and used are
followed by the infinitive with to.
Examples
They are to go. I have to
study.
Tom ought to talk to her She used to talk
Greek.
The auxiliaries do, can, may, must, shall and
will are followed by the infinitive without to.

May and Might
May is used with all persons in the present and
future tense. Might is used with all persons in
the past tense.
They are both followed by the infinitive without
to or by the perfect infinitive (have past
participle).
Examples
It may happen today.
She thought he might come late.
Harry might have talked to her.
They are used to express permission or
possibility.
Permission
May and might are both used to ask or give
permission but might is used in a polite way.
Examples
May I use your telephone?
Yes, you may. / No, you may not.
Might I use your car?
Yes, you might. / No, you might not.
Possibility
May and might are used to express possibility in
the present or future. Might expresses a more
remote possibility than may.
Examples
He may come today. They might arrive
tomorrow.

Should and Would
Should and would are used instead of shall and
will when the main verb of the sentence is in the
past tense.
Example
You knew how she would be treated.
Should is used to express moral obligation or
duty. It is also used to express advice.
Example
You should pay attention in class.
Would is used to express a polite request.
Example
Would you close the door, please?

Exercises
Write the appropriate auxiliary from the list
below. Some of them could be repeated. More than
one answer is possible.
When I was a teenager I __________ go to picnics.
He doesn't _________ to tell her the bad news.
She __________ have been a very beautiful bride.
I wonder if they __________ go to see her
tomorrow.
Although she is hurt she __________ drive home.
The team ___________ not win the last world cup.
They ___________ warn him it was dangerous.
She __________ have come in the fly that crashed.
Although he is not ill he __________ see the
doctor.
You ___________ not get up early in the morning.
Robert and Helen___________ visit Paris this
time.
The teacher ___________ have taught us that rule.
We ___________ not come so early to register.
I don't know how he ____________ to write this
article.
They ___________ eat out when they studied hard.

Verbal tenses
Simple present
Simple past
Simple future
Present continuous
Past continuous
Future continuous
Present perfect
Past perfect
Future perfect
Present perfect continuous
Past perfect continuous
Future perfect continuous

Simple present
The Simple Present Tense is used to express
habitual action in the present. This Tense is
often used with adverbs or adverbial phrases of
frequency such as usually, often, never, always,
sometimes, on Mondays, every week, twice a week,
etc.
With the verb to be
Affirmative Sentences
Am
I
TO BE Is
He, She, It
Are
We, You, They
Examples
I am in the hospital.
She is at the airport.
Negative Sentences
They are formed by adding the negative particle
not after the verb to be. The contracted forms
are isn't and aren't.
Examples
I am not in the park.
He is not (isn't) in the yard.
They are not (aren't) in the party.

Simple past
The Simple Past Tense is used to express actions
that took place at a known time in the past. It
is also used to express past habits.
With the verb to be
The verb to be in the simple past has two forms
was and were.
was I, He, She, It
To Be
were We, You, They
Affirmative Sentences
The verb to be is placed after the subject in
affirmative sentences.
Examples
He was in the new airport.
They were in the new restaurant.
Negative Sentences
The negative is formed adding the negative
particle not after the verb to be.
Examples
He was not (wasn't) in the school.
They were not (weren't) in the new building.

Simple future
Simple present to express future
This tense can be used for a planned future
action or series of actions, particularly when
these actions concern a journey.
Example
We leave here at six and arrive Chile at noon.
Present continuous to express future
These verbal tense is used to express an
immediate future.
Examples
He is playing in the concert tonight.
She is leaving at the end of the week.
The going to form
It is used to express the future with intention.
It is formed by using the present participle of
the verb to go and the infinitive without to.
Examples
He is going to play in the concert tonight.
She is not going to leave at the end of the week.
Are they going to study English?

Exercises
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
affirmative sentences in the Simple Past.
My parents __________ to Switzerland last summer.
(go)
Helen couldn't come because she _________ fever.
(have)
He __________ a new car in Amsterdam last week.
(buy)
They __________in the Craftsman Fair on Saturday.
(be)
The students __________ the test yesterday
morning. (do)

Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
negative sentences in the Simple Past.
The tailor _____________ the money to the clerk.
(give)
Rose _____________ in the office Sunday morning.
(be)
This factory ____________ spare part for those
cars. (make)
The salesclerks ___________ the strike on the
streets. (do)
The postman______________ the letters in the
morning. (bring)

Exercises
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
affirmative sentences in the Simple Past.
My parents __________ to Switzerland last summer.
(go)
Helen couldn't come because she _________ fever.
(have)
He __________ a new car in Amsterdam last week.
(buy)
They __________in the Craftsman Fair on Saturday.
(be)
The students __________ the test yesterday
morning. (do)
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
negative sentences in the Simple Past.
The tailor _____________ the money to the clerk.
(give)
Rose _____________ in the office Sunday morning.
(be)
This factory ____________ spare part for those
cars. (make)
The salesclerks ___________ the strike on the
streets. (do)
The postman______________ the letters in the
morning. (bring)

Simple future
Simple present to express future
This tense can be used for a planned future
action or series of actions, particularly when
these actions concern a journey.
Example
We leave here at six and arrive Chile at noon.
Present continuous to express future
These verbal tense is used to express an
immediate future.
Examples
He is playing in the concert tonight.
She is leaving at the end of the week.
The going to form
It is used to express the future with intention.
It is formed by using the present participle of
the verb to go and the infinitive without to.
Examples
He is going to play in the concert tonight.
She is not going to leave at the end of the week.
Are they going to study English?

Exercises
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
affirmative sentences in the Simple Future.
She ___________ a biography about him some day.
(write)
I hope they ____________ to take him to the
school. (remember)
The pressure cooker ____________ in a minute
(explode)
Perhaps he ___________ the Statue of Liberty in
U.S.A. (visit)
I am sure ___________ they immediately.
(identify)
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
negative sentences in the Simple Future.
I hope she _____________ him anything about the
fire. (tell)
The frogman ______________ a child in the island.
(harm)
If you hurry a lot you ______________ the train.
(miss)
Perhaps she _____________ him at the airport.
(recognize)
I am sure he _____________ worse with these
pills.

Present continuous
This verbal tense is used
To express an action that is still going on.
To express an action in a near future.
To express a habitual action very frequently
repeated with an adverb such as always,
continually, etc.
This verbal tense is formed with the present
tense of the verb to be (am, is, and are) and the
present participle (verb ing).
Important Rules
When a verb ends in a simple e the e is dropped
before adding ing. When a verb ends in double ee
only add ing.
Examples
leave -- leaving argue
-- arguing hate --hating
see -- seeing agree
-- agreeing free --freeing
When a verb of only one syllable has a vowel and
ends in a consonant, the final consonant is
doubled before adding ing.
Examples
run -- running hit -- hitting stop
stopping

Exercises
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
affirmative sentences in the Present Continuous.
My parents ____________ for Brazil tomorrow.
(leave)
He ____________ out of prison next Sunday.
(come)
Janet and Joe ___________ a new yacht now.
(buy)
The National Games ____________ held next week.
(be)
They _____________ divorced for the third time.
(get)
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
negative sentences in the Present Continuous.
The hairdresser_____________ tomorrow afternoon.
(dye)
The cook _____________ the pork in small pieces.
(cut)
My neighbors ______________ to Las Vegas in June.
(move)
The army _______________the Japanese war
prisoners. (free)
_ My sister______________ for having
lost her purse. (cry)

Past continuous
This verbal tense is used to express a past
action which continued for some time in the past
but the exact limits of the action are not known.
The past continuous can also be used in
combination with the simple past to express that
an action began before another action in the past
and continued after it. It is also used to
express a very frequently repeated action in the
past.
Examples
They were working when he left.
He was always asking questions.

Affirmative Sentences
Affirmative sentences are formed with the past
tense of the verb to be (was, were) and the
present participle of another verb (verb ing).
Examples
I was studying French.
They were working hard when the fire began.
Negative Sentences
The negative sentences are formed by placing the
particle not between the past tense of the verb
to be (was, were) and the present participle of
another verb (verb ing).
Examples
He was not (wasn't) studying French.
They were not (weren't) living alone when he
left.
Interrogative Sentences
The interrogative sentences are formed by placing
the subject of the sentence between the past
tense of the verb to be (was, were) and the
present participle of another verb (verb ing).
Example
Was she watching the soccer game?
Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't.

Exercises
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
affirmative sentences in the Past Continuous.
Ann and Rose _________________ about you the
other day. (talk)
When I first met her we _______________in
college. (study)
She ________________ a pink sweater when he came.
(wear)
He fell off the roof while he _______________ it.
(fix)
The ambulance got an accident when it
________________ the injured to the hospital.

(carry)
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
negative sentences in the Past Continuous.
They ________________their bikes when the rain
began. (ride)
The audience _________________ the dean's last
speech. (clap)
The police __________________ to catch the bank
owner. (try)
The kids _________________ when the shark was
caught. (bathe)
She __________________ the ingredients
correctly. (mix)

Future continuous
The main use of this verbal tense is to express
future without intention. The future continuous
can also be used to express an action which will
continue for some time in the future without
definite limits.
Example
It will probably be raining when we reach.
Affirmative Sentences
The affirmative sentences in the future
continuous are formed using the auxiliary shall /
will, the infinitive of the verb to be and the
present participle (verb ing).
Examples
I shall be waiting for you.
They will be swimming in the beach

Exercises
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
affirmative sentences in the Future Continuous.
When she comes I probably ________________
flowers. (pick)
They ________________ to Athens tomorrow
midnight. (travel)
Planes __________________ vertically in twenty
years. (take off)
In a few seconds the phone ________________ in
China. (ring)
_ When they arrive it __________________ in
Canberra. (rain

Present perfect
This verbal tense is used for a past action whose
time is not given. It is also used to express an
action with an incomplete period of time
Examples
She
has written many stories.
I have seen him this morning.
The present perfect tense may also be used with
just to indicate an action recently completed.
Example
They have just finished the test.
This verbal tense can be used for an action that
began in the past and is still continuing.
Example
He has taught Math for ten years.
Affirmative Sentences
The affirmative sentence in this verbal tense is
formed with the infinitive of the verb to have
(without to) and the past participle of another
verb.
Examples
I have worked in that hospital.
She has taught English.

Exercises
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
affirmative sentences in the Present Perfect.
I______ just_________ extraordinary news about
it. (listen)
She ______ never____________ whisky before.
(drink)
He ____________________to Europe ten minutes ago.
(go)
Robert ___________________ his right leg three
times. (brake)
They _______ never __________their parents alone
before. (leave)
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
negative sentences in the Present Perfect.
I can't go to the party because I
_______________yet. (finish)
She ____________________ at her cousin house
before. (stay)
The couple __________________ to Switzerland
before. (be)
This company __________________ product from
Asia. (bring)
The students__________________ this mountain
before. (climb)

Past perfect
The past perfect tense may be used to show a
completed action that happened before some other
action in the past shown by a past tense verb.
The reference time markers may be given by
already, just, yet and by a specific point in
time, or by a second clause in the sentence
introduced by before, after and when.
Examples
He had begun the English course by 2002.
The police had arrived to the building when the
fire began.
Affirmative Sentences
The affirmative sentence in this verbal tense is
formed with the past tense of the verb to have
(had) and the past participle of another verb.
Examples
I had finished when he came.
When the firemen arrived the fire had begun.

Exercises
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
affirmative sentences in the Past Perfect.
When the police arrived the thieves
______________. (go)
The clerk _______________ the car before they
came. (sell)
The sun ________________ when they reached the
city. (rise)
He ________________ about it before she told him.
(think)
She published the poem after ______________ a
novel. (write)

Future perfect
This verbal tense is used to express an action
that at a given time in the future will be in the
past. A time expression is always used in this
verbal tense.
Examples
He will have written the novel by Christmas.
They will not (won't) have finished the course in
January.
The future perfect tense is also used to describe
a state, an activity or a period of time before a
second action in the future. Generally there are
two expressions of time is this kind of sentence,
one is used to express the duration of time and
another one to for the endpoint.
Example
He will have worked in this factory for 25 years
next week.
Another use of this verbal tense is to show a
completed action that happens before a second
action in the future but this second action is
expressed using the simple present tense and they
are usually linked by a time word such as when,
by or before.

Exercises
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
affirmative sentences in the Future Perfect.
She _____________ ten pounds by the end of the
week. (lose)
My mother________________ my socks by Christmas.
(weave)
The meat _______________ when she returns home.
(unfreeze)
Rice _______________before the rainy season ends.
(grow)
The treasure ________________ by the end of the
day. (dig up)
Fill in the blank with the appropriate verbal
form of the verb in parentheses for writing
negative sentences in the Future Perfect.
They _________________ her the money in fifteen
days. (give)
She _________________ the damage he made to her.
(forget)
They ___________________ the troops in ten days.
(withdraw)
The night __________________ when we reach the
top. (fall)
They __________________ all the exhibition by
midnight. (see)

REGULAR VERBS
El pasado y pasado participio de estos verbos se
forman añadiéndole las letras d o ed al
presente. Estas son las reglas que rigen el
pasado de los verbos regulares para su
pronunciación.
Se usa en el final de pronunciación /d/ cuando el
verbo termina en vocal o consonante sonora,
exceptuando las veces que termina en /d/. Los
sonidos sonoros son aquellos en los que vibran
las cuerdas vocales. Todas las vocales son
sonoras. Las consonantes sonoras pueden
identificarse colocando sus dedos a ambos lados
de la garganta para constatar las vibraciones.
Se usa /t/ en el final de pronunciación cuando el
verbo termina en consonante sorda o no sonora,
exceptuando las veces en que la pronunciación del
verbo termina en /t/. Los sonidos sordos son
aquellos en los que no vibran las cuerdas
vocales.
Se usa /id/ en el final de pronunciación cuando
el verbo termina en /d/ o /t/. Fíjese que cuando
hablamos de las terminaciones de los verbos nos
referimos al último sonido en su pronunciación y
no en la escritura. Así el verbo appreciate
termina en e al escribirlo, pero su pronunciación
termina en /t/, por ello se le aplica esta última
regla.