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Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience

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Temporal sequence. An important defining property that proceeds from its referential function ... that contains at least one temporal juncture is narrative ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Narrative Analysis: Oral Versions of Personal Experience


1
Narrative Analysis Oral Versions of Personal
Experience
  • By William Labov and Joshua Waletzky

Miriam D. Dufer
2
Goals
  • Present an analytical framework for the analysis
    of oral versions of personal experience in
    English
  • Introduce definitions of the basic units of
    narrative
  • Outline the normal structure of the narrative as
    a whole
  • Present some general propositions about the
    relation of formal properties to narrative
    functions based on an examination of a moderate
    body of data

Miriam D. Dufer ENGL 805 Spring 2008
3
Narrative Defined
  • One method of recapitulating past experience by
    matching a verbal sequence of clauses to the
    sequence of events that actually occurred
  • Functions of Narrative
  • Referential
  • Evaluative

Miriam D. Dufer ENGL 805 Spring 2008
4
The Basic Framework of Narrative
  • Temporal sequence
  • An important defining property that proceeds from
    its referential function
  • Displacement sets
  • Semantic interpretation when the clause is moved
    to different positions
  • Coordinate clauses
  • Identical displacements
  • Restricted clauses
  • Neither free nor temporally ordered in the strict
    sense
  • Temporal juncture
  • Two clauses that are temporally ordered with
    respect to each other

Miriam D. Dufer ENGL 805 Spring 2008
5
Narrative Clause
  • A narrative N may be represented as a set of n
    clauses
  • Any sequence of clauses that contains at least
    one temporal juncture is narrative
  • Narrative Heads
  • The finite verb of a narrative clause
  • Carries the tense maker of the clause
  • Heads of coordinate clauses are coordinate heads

Miriam D. Dufer ENGL 805 Spring 2008
6
Sequences
  • Related narrative sequences
  • Surface structure of narrative
  • Narratives with rather different surface
    structures but equivalent semantic
    interpretations
  • Isolated primary sequences
  • The narrative with the most explicit statement of
    this relation as the basic underlying form and
    derive other equivalent narratives from it

Miriam D. Dufer ENGL 805 Spring 2008
7
Overall Structure of Narratives
  • Orientation
  • Complication
  • Evaluation
  • Resolution
  • Coda

Miriam D. Dufer ENGL 805 Spring 2008
8
Conclusion
  • Related the sequence of narrative elements to the
    inferred sequence of experience that is being
    recapitulated
  • Narrative units, restricted clause, free clause,
    and narrative clause
  • Outlined principal elements of simple narratives
    that perform both referential and evaluative
    functions

Miriam D. Dufer ENGL 805 Spring 2008
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