American Family Development

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American Family Development
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American Demographic Development

• To 1700 Vorzeit, Unstable settlement
• 1700-1870 Frontier/Rural Settlement
• rapid population growth, large families, rural
  society (30-35 growth rate per decade)
• 1870-1920 Great Conjuncture Urbanization and
  industrialization take hold but rural areas still
  growing

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American Demographic Development

• 1920 - present Metropolitan Settlement
• slower population growth, urban, suburban,
  industrial and post industrial society, smaller
  families

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Growth of the U.S. Population
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1890 Population Density Closing of the Frontier
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American Demographic Change
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Thinking About Population Growth
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Frontier Rural Society

• Primarily agricultural
• Freehold property based
• Ample land available for development
• Settlement through family farms
• Northern pattern Husband Wife children, some
  hired labor
• Southern pattern families slaves post
  bellum, family based sharecropping system

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Key Agricultural Products

• Textiles, Cotton
• Grains - Corn, Wheat, etc.
• Dairy
• Meat
• Fruits, vegetables

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Urban Industrial

• Manufacturing based
• Factory system of production
• Transportation and Communication systems grow
  railroads, telegraph, telephone
• New social class workers for wages
• New middle class salaried employees
• Dependent on their employers

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Key Products

• Iron and Steel, coal, petroleum
• Machinery, steam engines for railroads and
  powering factories
• Electrical machinery electrification of society
• Consumer goods clothes, furniture, home goods,
  cars, appliances.

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Urban Industrial cont.

• Family pattern breadwinner husband/ homemaker
  wife children
• Homes are consumption spaces, not production
  spaces
• Land more expensive and less space for family
• Fewer children more intensive training

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Metropolitan Society

• Growth of white collar workforce
• Continued factory production and proliferation of
  products film, radio, TV, computers, electronics

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Metropolitan Family Patterns

• Continued male breadwinner/female homemaker
• Fewer children and more investment in them
• Emergence of the dual earner family
• about 1960 with wife as secondary earner
• post 1970, as equal contributors to family
  economy

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Changes in Women and Childrens Lives

• The urban industrial family sent children to work
  as secondary earners
• The metropolitan family sent wives to work as
  secondary and then equal earners
• Education attainment expands as life event
• Primary school 19th century
• 8th Grade by around 1930
• 1950 half of adults graduate from high school
• 1980 85-90 of adults graduate high school

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Childbearing

• 1800 7 children born per woman of childbearing
  age
• 1900 3-4
• 1970 2.1
• Bearing and caring for small children is no
  longer the majority of a womans life work.

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Race and Ethnic Migration Patterns

• Frontier rural Northern European white and
  African
• Urban Industrial Northern European white, later
  Southern and Eastern European white small Asian
  migration on West Coast
• Metropolitan Southern diaspora both African
  American and white Mexican, Asian,
  Hispanic/Latino