Kevin Hill

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Kevin Hill

• ED 639 Power Point Lesson

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Unit World War One (1914-1918)

• Intended for 9th Grade World History

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Objectives

• To present students with a very brief overview of
  the events leading up the Great War, the course
  of the war, and the resolution and consequences
  of the Versailles Treaty

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Required Materials

• Textbook
• Writing utensils

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Setting the Stage

• Rising tensions among the European nations
• Fervent Nationalism
• Imperial Competition for colonies
• Arms race

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Europe Before the War
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Alliance System

• Fear of rivals lead to mutual protection pacts
• Austria-Hungary allied with Germany
• Russian Alliance with France and Italy and
  Russias close ties to the Balkans

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Trigger

• Arch-Duke Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary
  assassinated while in Bosnia by a Serbian
  nationalist
• Austria threatens Serbia in retaliation

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Sequence of Events

• Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia
• Russia declares war on Austria-Hungary to protect
  Serbia
• Germany declares war on Russia to protect
  Austria-Hungary
• France declares war on Germany
• Germany invades France by going through Belgium,
  thus bringing Great Britain into the war

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Opposing Sides

• Allied Powers
• Great Britain
• France
• Russia
• Central Powers
• Germany
• Austria-Hungary
• Ottoman Empire

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New Costs of Warfare

• New technology made old styles of warfare
  suicidal
• Battle of the Somme in 1916, July - November
• 420,000 British Casualties
• 60,000 on the first day
• 200,000 French Casualties
• 500,000 German Casualties

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Trench Warfare

• Network of relatively shallow trenches where
  soldiers fought, slept, and died.
• Trenches were sometimes miles deep, and stretched
  across the entire countryside of France
• Frequent rain would lead to trench foot, a
  situation where soldiers feet became black,
  gangrenous, and could require amputation

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(No Transcript)
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War in the Atlantic

• Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare
• Great Britain was dependent on imports to sustain
  its food requirements and material for its war
  effort
• German U-Boats sank all allied ships, and later
  even neutral ships that entered the waters
  surrounding Great Britain

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American entry into the War

• Passenger liner Lusitania sank by U-Boat, 1,195
  lives lost, including 128 Americans
• Zimmerman Note
• Germany suggested to Mexico that it Mexico aided
  Germany in the event of American entry into the
  war, Germany would return southwestern American
  lands to Mexico
• Continued unrestricted submarine warfare sank
  many neutral American ships

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American Contribution

• Though the American army was small, it was fresh
  and spirited, compared to the tired, and
  morale-shaken European troops
• Invention of convoy system of commercial shipping
  saved Great Britains supply lines and defeated
  the U-Boats
• Promise of ever-increasing new troops and material

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Russian Withdrawal

• 1917, Russian Revolution overthrows Czar Nicholas
  II
• Interim government is in turn overthrown by the
  radical Bolsheviks
• New Communist government withdraws Russia from
  the war, freeing up German troops on the Eastern
  Front

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End of the War

• Final German Offensive fails in 1918
• Allied troops begin to reclaim land lost to the
  Germans
• Germany signs an armistice on November 11th, 1918

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Treaty of Versailles

• Victorious Allied Powers set terms of peace for
  Central Powers
• President Wilson of America sought a more benign
  peace with his Fourteen Points vision of peace
• Rest of the Allies sought to punish the Central
  Powers

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Treaty of Versailles (continued)

• Russia and Austria-Hungary broken up

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Treaty of Versailles (continued)

• Germany forced to pay for the cost of the war
• Germany forced to take blame for causing the war
• Central Powers demilitarized

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Results

• Roughly 8.5 million killed and 21 million injured
• Land and economy throughout Europe devastated
• Punitive nature of Versailles Treaty would lead
  to increased anger among Germans, and to the rise
  of the Nazi Party a decade later

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Activities for enrichment

• Watch a video in class that can give a visual
  appreciation of the nature of warfare in World
  War One
• Read diary entries of frontline soldiers
• Break the students into two groups, Allies and
  Central Powers, and have them negotiate their own
  peace agreements

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Activities for Enrichment (continued)

• Have students find out if any of their ancestors
  served during World War I and if so, what did
  they do?
• Have students read about the American Home Front
  during the war, and how the people and government
  reacted to the war.

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Websites of Interest

• http//www.historylearningsite.co.uk/FWWcasualties
  .htm
• Provides a chart showing the deaths, casualties,
  and other pertinent information for all major
  belligerent powers in World War One
• http//www.lz95.org/msn/gifted/themainfolder/jeff/
  WWItechnology/tech.htm
• Gives details on a variety of important new
  technologies during World War One

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Websites of Interest (continued)

• http//www.library.georgetown.edu/dept/speccoll/am
  poster.htm
• A collection of American propaganda posters
• http//www.firstworldwar.com/posters/germany.htm
• Provides a display of German propaganda posters
  for contrast
• http//www.bbc.co.uk/schools/worldwarone/hq/trench
  warfare.shtml
• Flash Animation World War One Trench Warfare game