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Loren Schwiebert

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What does the Future hold for Wireless Sensor Networks? 2. Why Wireless Sensors Now? ... Sims Internet world. E-Bay auctions. Mirror for the Palm Pilot. Digital ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Loren Schwiebert


1
What does the Future hold for Wireless Sensor
Networks?
  • Loren Schwiebert
  • Wayne State University
  • Department of Computer Science
  • loren_at_wayne.edu
  • http//www.cs.wayne.edu/loren

2
Why Wireless Sensors Now?
  • Moores Law is making sufficient CPU performance
    available with low power requirements in a small
    size.
  • Research in Materials Science has resulted in
    novel sensing materials for many Chemical,
    Biological, and Physical sensing tasks.
  • Transceivers for wireless devices are becoming
    smaller, less expensive, and less power hungry.
  • Power source improvements in batteries, as well
    as passive power sources such as solar or
    vibration energy, are expanding application
    options.

3
Current State of the Artin Wireless Sensors
4
Typical Sensor Node Features
  • A sensor node has
  • Sensing Material
  • Physical Magnetic, Light, Sound
  • Chemical CO, Chemical Weapons
  • Biological Bacteria, Viruses, Proteins
  • Integrated Circuitry (VLSI)
  • A-to-D converter from sensor to circuitry
  • Packaging for environmental safety
  • Power Supply
  • Passive Solar, Vibration
  • Active Battery power, RF Inductance

5
Advances in Wireless Sensor Nodes
  • Consider Multiple Generations of Berkeley Motes

6
Historical Comparison
Consider a 40 Year Old Computer
7
A Rosy Future for Wireless Sensors?
  • Is the effort on wireless sensor protocols a
    waste of time??
  • Can we just wait 10-15 years until we have
    sensors that are very powerful??
  • NO!! Will still face
  • Very limited storage
  • Modest power supplies

8
Proposed Applications of Wireless Sensors
9
Smart Home / Smart Office
  • Sensors controlling appliances and electrical
    devices in the house.
  • Better lighting and heating in office buildings.
  • The Pentagon building has used sensors
    extensively.

10
Biomedical / Medical
  • Health Monitors
  • Glucose
  • Heart rate
  • Cancer detection
  • Chronic Diseases
  • Artificial retina
  • Cochlear implants
  • Hospital Sensors
  • Monitor vital signs
  • Record anomalies

11
Military
Remote deployment of sensors for tactical
monitoring of enemy troop movements.
12
Industrial Commercial
  • Numerous industrial and commercial applications
  • Agricultural Crop Conditions
  • Inventory Tracking
  • In-Process Parts Tracking
  • Automated Problem Reporting
  • RFID Theft Deterrent and Customer Tracing
  • Plant Equipment Maintenance Monitoring

13
Traffic Management Monitoring
  • Future cars could use wireless sensors to
  • Handle Accidents
  • Handle Thefts
  • Sensors embedded in the roads to
  • Monitor traffic flows
  • Provide real-time route updates

14
Driving Forces for AdoptingNew Technology
15
Economic Factors
  • New technologies replace existing technologies or
    fill new niches when there are economic
    advantages.
  • Wireless sensors will replace wired sensors
  • No wiring lower costs
  • More flexible deployments
  • Wireless sensors will provide new services
  • Provide cost advantages or lower overhead
  • Improve product quality or product features

16
Novelty
  • Some early adopters use new technology simply for
    novelty or the fun of it. Examples include
  • Java rings and internet watches.
  • Maybe wireless sensors for dating or meeting new
    people?
  • Personal wireless sensors for fun a temperature
    monitor you carry around?

17
Legal / Liability
  • New technologies are adopted because of
    government mandates
  • Air bags in automobiles
  • Child safety seats
  • Companies employ new technologies to avoid being
    sued!!
  • Temperature sensors to detect coffee that is too
    hot??

18
Entertainment
  • New technology is adopted for entertainment.
  • Playing games is major use of home PCs.
  • So is Internet browsing.
  • Games on cellular phones.
  • 3D visualization for games.
  • Games of tag using wireless sensors?
  • Interactive role-playing games with sensors?

19
Not Technical Superiority
  • Useful technologies may not dominate the
    marketplace for several reasons.
  • Delay in getting to market.
  • Lack of standardization.
  • Limited applications.
  • Consumer preference VHS vs. Betamax.
  • Weaker marketing or capitalization.
  • Unusual that there are no alternative
    technologies that can be used.

20
Uses of New Technology
21
Unexpected Killer Applications
  • Useful applications often follow available
    technology. For example,
  • PCs were available and people looked for a killer
    app Visicalc.
  • The Internet was not created with these current
    applications in mind
  • World Wide Web
  • E-Commerce
  • Peer-to-Peer Digital Music Sharing

22
Unanticipated Uses Arise
  • Once technology is available, creativity leads to
    new applications
  • Sims Internet world
  • E-Bay auctions
  • Mirror for the Palm Pilot
  • Digital cameras with PC interface
  • What surprising applications for wireless sensor
    networks?
  • Depends on sensor technology/form factor

23
Some Technical Challenges
24
Noisy Sensors
  • Sensor readings can be inaccurate. Protocols
    need to recognize this.
  • GPS Sensor
  • Accurate within
  • 2.8 meters
  • Relative Humidity Sensor
  • Accuracy of 5
  • 8 at 90 Relative Humidity
  • 2 with calibration

25
Wireless Channel Conditions
  • Limitations of wireless channels
  • Noisy
  • Interference
  • Link Contention
  • Unidirectional Links
  • But inherently a broadcast medium

26
Environmental Factors
  • Wireless sensors need to operate in conditions
    that are not encountered by typical computing
    devices
  • Rain, sleet, snow, hail, etc.
  • Wide temperature variations
  • May require separating sensor from electronics
  • High humidity
  • Saline or other corrosive substances
  • High wind speeds

27
What will Wireless Sensor Networks Look Like in
the Near Future?
28
Large-Scale Deployments
  • Sensor networks will grow in size because of
  • Lower cost
  • Better protocols
  • Advantages of dense networks

29
Heterogeneous Sensors
  • Homogeneous network of sensors has been the
    typical assumption, but not the future!!
  • Combining sensors with different functions
  • Hierarchy of sensors a few expensive powerful
    sensors with more cheap sensors
  • Useful for special communication nodes
  • A few sensor nodes with expensive sensors, such
    as GPS-equipped sensors

30
Mobile Sensors
  • Sensors with Micromachines
  • Low-Power Motors that Support Mobility

31
General Purpose Sensors
  • Single-purpose network is the typical assumption,
    but not the future!!
  • Sensors for evolving applications
  • Sensors that can adapt to changing objectives
  • More memory and CPU will allow more complex
    applications
  • Flexibility increases marketability

32
Overlapping Coverage Areas
  • Sensors will be deployed for specific
    applications, but
  • These deployments will overlap physically
  • Sensors will have different properties
  • Users will want to combine these different
    sensors for new applications
  • Temperature sensors for HVAC control
  • Location tracking of employees
  • Combine these for fire rescue operations

33
Mixture of Wired and Wireless
  • Wireless sensors will become a seamless part of
    larger networks!
  • Combining wired sensors with wireless sensors
  • Wired sensors can have more power
  • Wired sensors can run TCP/IP
  • Accessing wireless sensors through the Internet
  • Need a gateway to translate requests
  • Uploading/downloading information remotely
  • Modifying wireless sensor tasks remotely
  • Increased direct user interaction

34
Some Impediments toCreating Future Applications
35
Need a Standardized Interface
  • Automated interaction between sensors implies
    some standard mechanism for communication!
  • Requires compatible wireless technology
  • Standardization a common theme
  • TCP/IP for the Internet
  • Java for Internet programming
  • Jini, SLP, etc. for 802.11 wireless devices
  • Need a service discovery protocol
  • Enables standard interface among sensors above
    the physical layer

36
Service Discovery Protocol
Anyone need a printer?
"Dear Mom...I'm sitting..."
37
Service Discovery Protocol (cont.)
  • For a wireless sensor network, service discovery
    provides
  • Automated calibration of new devices
  • Highly dynamic system configurations
  • Cooperation among resource poor devices
  • Resource sharing device solutions
  • Storage and long-range networking services can be
    obtained from a nearby server
  • Less duplication of functionality
  • Supports novel interactions in the future

38
Security Issues
  • Concerns about misuse and privacy
  • Privacy issues may slow consumer adoption of
    technology
  • User tracking RFID concerns
  • Has not proved true on the Internet!
  • Authentication and privacy are not always
    complementary objectives
  • Do not want your medical sensor hacked!!
  • Data tampering and computer viruses could be a
    nightmare!

39
Liability and Safety Concerns
  • Companies may adopt wireless sensors to reduce
    liability, but wireless sensors could also
    increase liability
  • Use in critical applications could be limited
  • Imagine a medical sensor fails!!
  • Or an automotive theft deterrent system failure
  • Companies will be slow to adopt technology that
    increases their legal exposure
  • May delay adoption

40
Software Engineering
  • Imagine a heterogeneous wireless sensor network
    with complex tasks and high levels of
    interaction
  • End-user level products easy to use
  • Software design??
  • Debugging??
  • Remote software updates??
  • Example Send a request over the Internet to turn
    on lights when your car reaches home. The
    request fails.

41
Summary and Conclusions
  • Wireless sensor networks have a bright future
  • Many applications have been proposed
  • Potential to revolutionize human-computer
    interactions
  • Availability of sensors will lead to new and
    exciting applications
  • A lot of research remains to be done
  • Wireless sensors will not evolve into traditional
    computers
  • Many obstacles to overcome
  • Allow realism to guide research efforts

42
Acknowledgments
  • THANK YOU
  • Research collaborators (and for slides)
  • Professor Gregory Auner
  • Professor Sandeep K. S. Gupta
  • Professor Golden G. Richard III
  • Manish Kochhal
  • Technical Assistance Joel Schwiebert
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