Clean Energy Options, Markets

1
Clean Energy Options, Markets Development
Energy and Resources Group

• Professor Daniel M. Kammen
• Director, Renewable and Appropriate Energy
  Laboratory (RAEL)
• Energy and Resources Group
• Goldman School of Public Policy
• University of California, Berkeley
• Energy PMP International Seminar on Planetary
  EmergenciesErice, Italy 19-8-2003

2
The Vision of RAEL

• What is RAEL?
• An interdisciplinary center for innovation in
  energy technologies, use, and impacts, with a
  focus on clean energy systems to support
  sustainable development.
• A focal point for North-South collaborations and
  outreach
• A training facility for science, technology, and
  policy studies
• Who is RAEL?
• Director (Kammen) - Postdoctoral fellows (2)
• Visiting scholars (3 - 5/year) - Students (gt20)
• Overseas partner groups African Academy of
  Sciences Energy and Development Research Center
  (S. Africa), GIRA (Mexico)

3
RAEL Activities

• Understanding building clean energy markets
• Distributed generation and clean power in the US
• Solar and wind
• Fuel cells
• Solar energy in developing nations
• Clean vehicles and fuels
• Energy policy
• Beyond the environment vs. economy debate
• Deep cuts in carbon emissions energy equity
• Energy and society
• Energy and health impacts differences based on
  gender, ethnicity and socioeconomics

4
Energy Issues Development

• Energy services in developing countries depend on
  a combination of locally available fuels and
  technologies, and efficient use of those
  resources
• The Economics of energy and energy efficiency are
  not the same in areas with a shortage of power
  (non-grid areas, LDCs) compared to that in
  industrialized nations
• Energy is critically connected to health and the
  management of water and environmental resources
• Lets begin with biomass

5
The Global Burden of Disease (Morbidity)
Total 1.4 B
source WHO, 1999
6
Stove Markets Emerging, Evolving Globally

• Stoves now a trendy, hot, topic. Why?
• Magnitude of the health issue
• Ability to quantify
• (cost/benefit) the impact
• Role of markets in stove
• dissemination
• World Health Organization
• has (finally) come around

Mass production of the improved chula cookstove
in India
7
Exposure Response Market Response

• Health examinations for all major diseases

• Research and community testing of stoves

• Detailed monitoring of both personal and ambient
  pollution

• Kenyan stove market emerged and local
  entrepreneurs established businesses

8
The Effect of Exposure Patterns(Ezzzati, Mbinda
and Kammen, EST, 30, 2000)
Conclusion Dramatic under estimate of illness
with traditional, average, pollutant monitoring.
Average PM10 Exposure (?g / m3)
0 - 5
5 - 15
gt 50
15 - 50
Demographic Subgroups
9
Exposure Reduction (gt age 5) (Ezzzati and
Kammen, The Lancet, 358, 2001)The first
dose-response intervention study in a developing
nation
Probability (ARI)
Average Daily Exposure (?g / m3)