Visual Semantic Modeling of Digital Libraries

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Visual Semantic Modeling of Digital Libraries

• Qinwei Zhu, Marcos André Gonçalves, Rao Shen,
  Edward A. Fox Virginia Tech, , Blacksburg, VA,
  USA
• Lillian Cassel Villanova University, PA, USA

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Acknowledgements

• NSF Grants
• CITIDEL DUE-0121679
• DL-in-a-box DUE-0136690
• ETANA ITR-0325579
• GetSmart DUE-0121741
• OAD IIS-0086227
• Others
• AOL
• Capes (Brazilian funding agency)

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Outline

• Motivation
• The 5S Family model, language, generation
• The 5SGraph Modeling Tool
• Evaluation
• Semantic Modeling of DLs with Concept Maps
• Conclusion

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Motivation

• DLs are not benefiting from formal theories as
  have other CS fields DB, IR, PL, etc.
• DL construction difficult, ad-hoc, lacking
  support for tailoring/customization
• Conceptual modeling, requirements analysis, and
  methodological approaches are rarely supported in
  DL development.
• Lack of specific DL models, formalisms, languages

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5S model/ 5S language
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5SL primitives and implementation
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5S DL generation
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Challenges with Approach

• The designer should know the 5S theory very well
  and be very familiar with the syntax and
  semantics of 5SL to be able to write correct 5SL
  files.
• It is difficult to get the big picture of a
  digital library just from a textual 5SL file.

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5SGraph A DL Modeling Tool

• Overall objective of 5SGraph
• Help users model their own instances of a
  digital library (DL) in the 5S language (5SL).
• A simple modeling process which enables rapid
  generation of digital libraries is needed.
• Support non-expert users.
• Speed-up development process.
• Increase the quality of final product.

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Goals of 5SGraph

• To help digital library designers understand the
  5S model quickly and easily
• To help digital library designers build their own
  digital libraries without difficulty
• To help digital library designers transform their
  models into 5SL files automatically
• To help digital library designers understand,
  maintain, and upgrade existing digital library
  models conveniently

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5SGraph

• How does 5SGraph work?
• 5SGraph loads and displays a metamodel in a
  structured toolbox.
• The structured editor of 5SGraph provides a
  top-down visual environment for the DL designer.
• 5SGraph produces correct 5SL files according to
  the visual model built by the designer.

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Overview of 5SGraph
Workspace (instance model)
Structured toolbox (metamodel)
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Visualization Features

• The structured toolbox
• Visualization of the metamodel
• Visual components that can be added
• Truncated display of trees
• Node-link representation
• Deep-node problem
• Icons
• Type/Instance relationship
• Cardinality

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Component Reuse

• Components can be loaded/saved.
• Load and save sub-trees
• Component reuse saves time and effort.
• Full reuse from component pool
• Partial reuse adapting components

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Semantic Constraints

• There are inherent semantic constraints in the
  hierarchical structure of the 5S model.
• 5SGraph maintains the constraints and enforces
  these constraints over the instance model to
  ensure correctness.

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Example 1 (Constraint Enforcement)

• An actor can only participate in the services
  that have been defined in the Scenario Model.

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Example 2 (Constraint Enforcement)

• A catalog has descriptive metadata for digital
  objects in a specific collection.
• Therefore, a catalog must have a 11 relationship
  with an existing collection.
• Thus, a catalog is not independent.

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The Preliminary Test of 5SGraph

• Research Questions
• Does the tool help users understand and use the
  5S model to build their own digital libraries?
• Does the tool help users efficiently describe
  digital library models in the 5SL language?
• Are users satisfied with the tool?

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The Preliminary Test of 5SGraph Experimental
Design

• Three tasks
• Build a simple digital library using existing
  components.
• Complete the partial model for CITIDEL.
• Build a model for NDLTD from scratch.
• Three measures
• Effectiveness
• Efficiency
• User satisfaction
• 17 subjects

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Measures

• Effectiveness
• Completion rate
• Goal achievement
• Efficiency
• Task completion time
• Closeness to expertise minimum task time divided
  by task time
• Satisfaction
• Subjective rating

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Test Results
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Satisfaction and Usefulness

• The average rating of user satisfaction is 91.
• The average rating of usefulness of the tool is
  92.
• Statistical analysis shows that the mean value of
  post-understanding of the 5S model is
  significantly greater than that of
  pre-understanding.

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Educational Use
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Semantic Modeling of Digital Library with Concept
Maps

• Customized plugin tool to model scenarios and
  societies
• Tools with common principles, abstractions,
  graphical notations, and operations
• Solution Concepts Maps
• Conceptual tools for organizing knowledge and
  representation

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Conclusions

• Presented a domain specific visual modeling tool
  for DLs.
• Evaluated the tool and proved efficiency,
  effectiveness, and learnability.
• Built new tools based on concept maps for
  scenario and societies modeling.

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Future work

• Integration of tools
• Further usability studies with digital
  librarians
• Using the tools as educational aids for teaching
  about digital libraries