Knowledge Management:

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Knowledge Management Intelligent and responsible
handling of the ressource knowledge
Prof. Dr. Heinz Mandl Dr. Bernhard Ertl
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Why is knowledge getting more and more important?
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Major knowledge management problems companys
face?
Reinvention of the wheel the same problems
occur over and over again the same thing is
developted twice in the company
Retirement of Employees Knowledge andExpertise
leave the company Experience based knowledge
is lost
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Major knowledge management problems companys
face?
Deficient flows of knowledge within the
organization Interfaces between different
departments are problematic and time
consuming Relevant knowledge is not
distributed within the organization
Relevant organizational knowledge is not
structured and documented adequately Relevant
knowledge is not identified and documented
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What is knowledge?
Information in combination with personal
experience
Knowledge
Data within a problem context
creates meaning and enables coping with
situations
Information
Reasonably combinedsequence of symbols
has an effect and serves the achieving of
objectives
Data
are effect- andmeaningless
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Dissemination of information development of
new knowledge
Knowledge is constructed by a learner on the
basis of his own experiences.
Knowledge A
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Different forms of knowledge
Factual knowledge Know-what
Operational knowledge Know-how
Explicit knowledge Verbally articulated Separable
from the knowledge carrier
Implicit knowledge Cannot be articulated
directly depends on experience
Individual knowledge Knowledge of the members of
an organization
Organizational knowledge Knowledge of the
organization
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Wholistic knowledge management
... Describes the conscious, systematic and
responsible handling of the ressource knowledge
and the goal-directed employing of knowledge
within an organization. Therefore, knowledge
management includes the entirety of all
concepts, strategies and methods to createan
intelligent, thus learning organization.
(Bullinger, Wörner Prieto, 1998)
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Components of knowledge management
Technology
Organization
Knowledge management
Human being
Society
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Circuit of knowledge management
Knowledge management processes
Goal setting
Evaluation
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Process categories of knowledge management
Knowledge communication
Knowledge representation
Knowledgegeneration
Knowledge utilization
Goal setting
Evaluation
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Processes of knowledge representationHow to
create knowledge transparency!
Identify knowledge
Conserve knowledge
Make knowledge explicit and accessible
Codify knowledge
Document knowledge
Edit knowledge
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Process of knowledge representation
How does your company/department represent
knowledge?
How do you represent existingknowledge?

• How does your company identify knowledge and
  make it transparent?
• Which forms of knowledge documentation exist in
  your company?
• How is the saving and actualizing of knowledge
  organized?
• Where are urgent problems in the knowledge
  representation of your company?

• How do you identify your own knowledge?
• How do you document your knowledge?
• How do you save and actualize your knowledge?
• Where do you see urgent problems in knowledge
  representation?

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Knowledgerepresentation
Example of a knowledge carrier card
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Knowledgerepresentation
 
Example of a knowledge carrier card
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Processes of knowledge generation How new
knowledge can be created!
Import knowledge
Learning processes
Externally acquire knowledge (e.g. mergers)
Knowledge networks
Research anddevelopment
New knowledge by explicating knowledge
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Processes of knowledge generation
How does your company/department generate new
knowledge?
How do you develop new knowledge?

• How does your company import new knowledge?
• Which forms of intern knowledge production
  exist in your company?
• How is the creation of new knowledge enabled
  and supported in your company?
• Where are very urgent problems in the knowledge
  generation in your company?

• How do you learn best?
• Where do you see important possibilities for
  learning?
• What support is important for you during your
  knowledge development?
• Where do you see urgent problems in your own
  knowledge generation?

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Knowledge generation
Job Rotation
 
activity 1
activity 2
activity 3
activity 4
activity 1
activity 2
activity 3
activity 4
(Frieling u.a. 1980, S. 16)
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Knowledge generation
Job Enrichment
planning
implementation
monitoring
supervision
planning
implementation
monitoring
supervision
(Frieling u.a. 1980, S. 17)
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Processes of knowledge communication How to share
knowledge and exchange experiences!
Disseminate knowledge
Exchange knowledge
Share knowledge
Cooperate
Cooperatively construct knowledge
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Processes of knowledge communication
How does your company/department
communicaterelevant knowledge?
How do you communicaterelevant knowledge?

• How does your company disseminateknowledge at
  the right time and to the right place?
• Which forms of knowledge disseminationexist in
  your company?
• How is sharing and exchanging of knowledge
  fostered?
• Where are urgent problems in knowledge
  communication?

• Which forms of knowledge disseminationdo you
  use?
• How do you disseminate relevant knowledge?
• Which barriers do you meet when sharing
  knowledge?
• Which urgent problems do you see in knowledge
  communication?

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Knowledge communication
Space management for the improvement of
communcation flows
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Network Communities
Knowledge communication
learning culture
exchange of knowledge
synergy effecte
acceptance
interest in personal responsibility
communication
motivation
confidence
job satisfaction
learning motivation
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Example of a face-to-face community
Company-spanning learning community
Professional moderation (MAM)
Scientificstudy (LMU)
Company-owned knowledge management projects
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Processes of knowledge utilization How knowledge
can be applied!
Transform knowledge into products
Put knowledge into action
Put knowledge into decisions
Transform knowledge into service
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Processes of knowledge utilization
How does your company/department utilize
existing knowledge?
How do you utilize existing knowledge?

• How is new knowledge put into decisions in your
  company?
• Which forms of knowledge utilization exist in
  your company?
• How is the utilization of knowledge fostered in
  your company?
• Where are urgent problems in the knowledge
  utilization of your company?

• How do you put new knowledge into decisions?
• What hampers your application of knowledge?
• Where do you see urgent problems with your
  knowledge utilization?

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Knowledge utilization
Constructivist view of learning
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Knowledge utilization

• An example from business economics
• The Jeansfactory

Median profit (with Standard Deviation) of
semi-experts (students of business economics)
and novices (psychology students) in DM
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Constructivist view of learning
Knowledge utilization
Learning as
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Knowledge utilization
The Concept of Problem-Based-Learning
Problem-based learning Balance between
construction and instruction