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Lebanese Coastal Zone

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... 'Khaldeh' and 'Ouza ', just in the vicinity of Beirut International Airport ... kinds of investments (marinas, hotels, restaurants, caf 's leisure parts, play ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Lebanese Coastal Zone


1
Lebanese Coastal Zone
  • Tony Assaf
  • Ministry of Public Works Transport
  • Directorate General of Land Maritime Transport
  • Marseille, June 2009

2
Introduction
  • The Lebanese coastal zone extends about 225 km,
    covering 162000 hectares of coastal plains and
    hills (16 of Lebanon's surface area) where 2.6
    millions inhabitants live (70 of the Lebanese
    population).
  • Lebanon's economic activities are concentrated in
    this zone which contributes about three quarters
    of national income.

3
Lebanese coastal zone situation
  • Urban areas stretch over 50 km of the coastline
    (21)
  • Beaches and dunes cover a total length of about
    49 km (20)
  • Bare rocky outcrops about 11km (4.7)
  • Fruit trees on wet soil (primarily citrus groves)
    border the coastline over 34 km
  • Large industrial or commercial units occupy about
    24 km (10)
  • Tourism resorts about 18 km (7.5)
  • Ports about 13 km (5.3)

4
  • The town of "Jbeil" (Byblos) classified since
    1983 on UNESCO's world heritage list, with its
    sea castle harbor, temples and alleys

5
  • "Saida" or old "Sidon" is the first city on
    southern Lebanon, with its majestic sea castle
    and remains of an ancient harbor, besides an
    important sea port.

6
  • "Sour" (Tyr), a great Phoenician city state that
    established colonies in the Mediterranean basin
    like "Cartage" and resisted bravely the desirous
    kings of "Assyria", "Persia" and "Greece"

7
  • So far, we have seen the shining side of the
    picture as the Coastal Lebanon contains
  • The most intense settlements of population and
    urban various activities.
  • Public Ports open to international trade.
  • Private Ports destined to industrial activities
    (cement, chemicals...).
  • Recreational Ports (Marinas).
  • Fishing and Leisure Ports built by the Ministry
    of Public Works and transport- Directorate
    General of Land and Maritime Transport
  • A critical picture as well, both environmentally,
    and aesthetically, as long as it is threatened by
    pollution problems and disfigurement of sites.

8
  • Taking trip back from south to north, the
    "Nakoura" beach has lost huge quantities of its
    sand during the last two decades, same as the
    beach of "Tyr"

9
  • In "Saida", the solid waste dump on the shore has
    grown into a mountain, dozens of meters high and
    transporting its garbage to neighboring shores.

10
  • Between "Saida" and "Beirut, private commercial
    developments and industrial establishments, most
    of them built illegally

11
  • Illegal slums were also built between "Khaldeh"
    and "Ouzaï", just in the vicinity of Beirut
    International Airport

12
  • Reaching Beirut, we notice an area of 60
    hectares, equivalent to 1/3 of the city center,
    to be reclaimed from the sea.

13
  • A development plan launched in 1983 to create a
    new town along the "Antelias-Dbayeh" shoreline,
    after reclaiming 1.4 million square meters from
    the sea.

14
  • Between "Jounieh" and "Jbeil", many private
    recreation projects have appeared arbitrarily

15
  • Much pollution may diffuse from industrial plants
    along the "Batroun-Koura" coast, contaminating
    vast area in sea and on land

16
-
  • Ministries involved with coastal zone management
    issues

17
  • A- Ministry of Public Works Transport
    Directorate General of Land Maritime Transport
    (DGLMT) involved in
  • All affairs of maritime public domain including
    control, occupation, exploitation.
  • Territorial waters including Navigation,
    occupation, exploitation, marine pollution.
  • In addition to the higher urban council in the
    above mentioned ministry

18
  • B- Partly involved, Ministries of
  • Agriculture, with respect to preservation of the
    fish richness, living resources and its
    developments at sea.
  • Environment as concerns marine and sea shore
    pollution, exploitation of maritime public
    domain.
  • Interior-coast guards as relates to controlling
    on penal matters.
  • National defense (army-marine forces) as
    connected to illegal acts to penal code smuggling
    threats of state security.
  • Power and water (petrol) when projects consist of
    exploiting sea lines for discharging oil from the
    tankers to structures built on private lands.

19
.
  • C- Council of Development and Reconstruction
    (CDR) once asked by the government to study and
    issue master plans, or to execute some projects
    on the coastal zone.

20
Regulations under control of the DGLMT
  • Lebanon already has laws and regulations, some
    dating back to the 1925s, and which require a lot
    of updating and integration . Generally speaking,
    these laws and regulations deal indirectly with
    coastal zone management
  • 1- Decree law No 144/S, 10/6/1925 (Definition
    of the maritime public domain)
  • 2- Decree No 4810, 24/6/1966 (Conditional use
    of the maritime public domain) and revision
    decree no 1300 dated 1978
  • 3- Proposal of a draft law on regularization
    of illegal status (contraventions committed on
    the coast line during the civil war till 1992)
    which has been recently transmitted to the
    parliament for approval.

21
Maritime Public domain Entities and Occupation
  • Definition (Decree law N 144/S, 10/6/1925)
  • The maritime public domain consists of seashore
    till the farthest distance that the wave could
    reach in winter and sand shores and pebbles and
    then, those coastal ground, and waters connected
    to the sea and do not form part of the natural
    cadastred land of the country.
  • It is annexed the territorial waters over a width
    of 12 miles as from the shore starting at the
    minimum level of low tide
  • It is not cadastred
  • It cannot be bought
  • Its ownership cannot be acquired by extinguished
    delay

22
Occupation and exploitation
  • The maritime public domain (land/sea) may be
    occupied temporarily by an authorization
  • The temporary occupation
  • Is not for a public interest
  • Is granted with preservation of everybody rights,
    by a decree from the president of the state for
    one year
  • The decree that grants authorization defines
    taxes to be paid due to temporary occupations
    taking into consideration areas, places,
    surfaces, kinds of investments (marinas, hotels,
    restaurants, cafés leisure parts, play grounds,
    theaters)
  • The authorization can be cancelled by a decree
    from the president of state, without compensation
    (Damage) at the first request from the
    administration and for public interests and
    purposes

23
Conditions for granting authorizations(Decree No
4810, 24/6/1966)
  • By principle, the maritime public domain remains
    for the use of everybody
  • The permission of intending parts of the sea to
    be submitted to the following general bases
  • Large private lands adjacent to the maritime
    public domain with appropriate dimensions
    surfaces, length on sea front, depth in order
    to be available for containing big projects.
  • Projects to be executed, should have a public
    character tourist and industrial justification
    according to certificates issued by competent
    services (higher council of urban planning)

24
Conditions for granting authorizations
  • Permanent structures and constructions on
    maritime public domain are not allowed, only
    movable ones are allowed when related to sports
    and equipments with the following restrictions
  • Height above the maritime public domain does not
    exceed 6 meters with a maximum exploitation of
    0.075 (as factor), and a maximum surface of 5 of
    the portion occupied.

25
Irregularities Situation
  • War has created an illegal status of some 1269
    objects that were erected from 1975 to 1990
    were built along the coast without any permission
  • Usage or exploitation of these projects are made
    without paying any dues or taxes.
  • Only 64 projects were built legally with decrees.

26
Analysis of the regulatory instruments
  • Projects for utilization and exploitation of
    coastal areas can be engaged by anyone under a
    basic condition a minimum private land adjacent
    to the maritime public domain. Then the
    administration cannot refuse the approval if the
    requirements have been achieved. This will lead
    to additional coastal projects.
  • All the hinterland of the maritime public domain
    is cadastred while the coastline is not, which
    makes violations easier.

27
.
Analysis of the regulatory instruments
  • Lack of national planning authority
  • The Ex-Ministry of Planning, created in 1950s,
    was not able to prepare a national land use plan
    due to political difficulties. In 1977, the
    Council for Development and Reconstruction
    replaced the Ministry of Planning, with duties
    not widened enough to include land use and
    planning functions.
  • The CDR was asked by the government to study and
    issue a master plan for the coastal sea defining
    the settlements, agricultural, industrial tourist
    and archeological zones. This plan is very
    important to restrict construction and bad
    utilization of the coast.
  • The study has not been completed due to lack of
    funding

28
Analysis of the regulatory instruments
  • The draft law on regularization of illegal
    status has been sent to the parliament since 2006
    but it is still pending although it is
    fundamental to remove the irregularities on the
    maritime public domain and to receive fees and
    taxes from those which their status will be
    settled.

29
Policies, Future Projects and Perspectives
  • .

30
  • The Ministry of Public Works and Transport
    DGLMT is carrying on executions of plans and
    programs along side the shore with respect to
  • Building up and equipping 27 fishing/leisure
    ports along for developing trade of fishing
  • Establishing a database for the coastal zone and
    maps via the GIS system to monitor violations
  • Establishing public beaches open freely for
    everybody, and by cooperation with municipalities
    of cities/towns on the coastal zone.
  • Establishing recreational areas in forms of
    maritime cornices estimated at 7 of length of
    the Lebanese coast.

31
  • Extending Beirut Tripoli ports for meeting
    needs of transit movement between Lebanon and
    other Arab countries in the region.
  • Proposal and pursuing the draft of law on
    regularization of illegal status (contraventions
    committed on the coast line during the civil war
    till 1992).
  • Drafting a master plan for the shore showing
    where authorization of occupying parts of the
    maritime public domain is possible taking into
    consideration needs and requirements for
    protecting archeological ports and sites
    classified on the international heritage list. .
  • Drafting laws/regulations for reviewing
    conditions related to
  • Granting occupation and exploitation of ports of
    maritime public domain and territorial waters for
    touristic, industrial, agricultural and private
    purposes.
  • Taxes imposed on these occupation and exploitation

32
-
  • Implementing all international conventions which
    Lebanon has been adhered to, including those
    related to protect its marine environment like
    UNEP, Barcelona convention with its two
    protocols, MARPOL.
  • Implementing provisions of the law of sea
    conventions 1982
  • Prohibited zones in territorial waters as lines
    of circulation and arrangements of traffic
    separation, for the safety of navigation
    requirements.

33
Thank You
  • .
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