Chapter One

1
Chapter One

• History of Psychology
• and Theories of Personality

2
Which of the following psychologists was most
interested in how consciousness functions to help
people adapt to and survive in their environments?

• John Watson
• William James
• Sigmund Freud
• Wilhelm Wundt

3
Freud would have used the term _____ to
explain why an unfaithful husband has accused his
faithful wife of being unfaithful.

• identification
• displacement
• rationalization
• projection

4
The _____ approach suggested that
psychology should focus on the study of
observable responses, rather than on hidden
mental processes such as thoughts and feelings.

• structuralist
• functionalist
• behaviorist
• Gestalt

5
The whole is greater than the sum of its
parts. Which of the following types of
psychologists would have been most likely to make
this statement?

• Gestalt
• humanistic
• behaviorist
• functionalist

6
Ten-year-old Mario spent the whole
sermon daydreaming about the new bike he wanted,
but couldnt have because his savings account was
still 50 short. It was his familys turn to
clean up the church after the service and, while
he was walking between the pews, he found a 50
bill that had fallen out of the collection plate.
His mind was immediately flooded with confusing
and disturbing thoughts telling him to do
different things. Freud would say his _____
would tell him to take the money, tell no one,
and use it to buy the new bike his _____ would
tell him to give the money to the priest before
God could have a chance to punish him for his
evil thoughts and his _____ would tell him to
take the money to his father who might reward him
for his honesty by lending him the rest of the
money he needed to buy his bike.

• id, ego, superego
• superego, ego, id
• id, superego, ego
• ego, id, superego

7
A psychologist who advocates the _____
perspective would be most likely to ask you to
change the way you think about situations that
cause you problems.

• cognitive
• Gestalt
• humanistic
• biological

8
The term self-actualization is most closely
associated with which of the following
psychologists?

• Abraham Maslow
• Gordon Allport
• William Sheldon
• Hans Eysenck

9
Richard is a graduate student in psychology
who is doing research on how conflicts during
childhood produce personality disorders during
adulthood. Dr. Duerf, Richards research
adviser, would be most likely to describe herself
as an advocate of the _____ approach to
personality.

• cognitive
• behaviorist
• structuralist
• psychoanalytic

10
Daily Double!

• The following question is worth
• twice as many points as usual.

11
Which of the following is the correct
sequence of Freuds psychosexual stages of
development?

• oral ? anal ? phallic ? latency ? genital
• anal ? oral ? genital ? latency ? phallic
• oral ? phallic ? latency ? anal ? genital
• anal ? oral ? phallic ? latency ? genital

12
According to Carl Rogers, incongruence is
caused by a difference between a persons _____.

• conscious and unconscious thought processes
• personal unconscious and collective unconscious
• self-concept and his or her ideal self
• cardinal traits and central traits

13
A researcher who records signals from the
brain or who measures hormone levels most likely
advocates the _____ approach to psychology.

• cognitive
• biological
• behaviorist
• psychoanalytic

14
Dr. Furman teaches his students that
psychologists shouldnt waste their time
performing research on topics such as thinking or
dreaming because these mental processes cannot be
observed or measured in an objective, scientific
manner. If you looked in Dr. Furmans bookcase,
you would probably find many books written by or
about B. F. Skinner and _____.

• John Watson
• William James
• Sigmund Freud
• Wilhelm Wundt

15
You are reading an article in a psychology
journal, and you notice that the words
extraversion, neuroticism, and psychoticism are
used very frequently. Which of the following
personality theorists is most likely the author
of this article?

• Gordon Allport
• Hans Eysenck
• Abraham Maslow
• William Sheldon

16
A behaviorist, a psychoanalyst, and a
humanist would all agree that behavior is
determined by _____.

• the environment
• unconscious forces
• early childhood experiences
• none of the above

17
Albert Banduras social learning theory
uses the term reciprocal determinism to explain
how our _____ influence(s) our personalities.

• cognitions
• behaviors
• environment
• all of the above