Ethnonationalism and conflict

1
Ethno-nationalism and conflict
2
Origin

• Ethno-ethnic
• Nation Group of people with identified
  collective identity

3
Two forms of nationalism

• Ethno-nationalism/communal nationalism/nationalism
  
• Civic nationalism

4
Ethno-nationalism

• A group exerting its identity
• Based on religion, language, ethnicity
• Expression of group solidarity
• Competition with other groups
• Mobilization of primordial feelings
• Political mobilization
• Demand for more rights, control, power, language
  recognition, separate state
• Constitutional reform, public protests, violence
• Mobilization by ethnic entrepreneurs

5
Civic nationalism

• Collective national consciousness
• Common national identity, language, loyalty
• State center of allegiance
• Identity around state/national symbols
• Civic identity subsumes ethno-nationalist
  identity
• Communal interests together constitute national
  interests

6
Relationship between ethno-nationalism and civic
nationalism

• Balanced tension
• CN assimilates EN
• EN overcomes CN Formation of ethnic state
• Mutual engagement

EN1
CN
EN3
EN2
7
Sri Lanka

• Population 19 million
• Sinhalese (75), Tamils (20), Others (5)
• Myth-making on both sides Sinhalese (Buddhists)
  and Tamils (Hindus)
• Sinhalese ethno-nationalism represented by the
  state
• Tamil ethno-nationalism for separate state

8
(No Transcript)
9
Bosnia-Hertzegovinia 1991
Serbs- Red Bosnian Muslims-Green Croats-Blue
10
Conflict resolution

• Managing the balance
• Role of state in engaging groups
• Solution Unity or separatism?