Philippines

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Philippines
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AGENDA
Languages Religions
People Migration Patterns
Ancient History
European Colonialism Independence
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(No Transcript)
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LANGUAGES
Tagalog
English
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RELIGIONS
Roman Catholic
83
Protestant
9
Muslims
5
Buddhists
3
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PEOPLE
Their ancestors (Malay stock) came from the
southeastern Asian and Indonesia. Contacts with
China resulted in a group of mixed
Filipino-Chinese descent, who account for a
minority of the population. A small percentage of
Chinese nationals also live in the
country. Spanish-Filipinos and
Filipino-Americans distinguished by their fairer
complexion, taller stature, and aquiline nose
structure. The relatively small numbers of
emigrants from the Indian subcontinent added to
the population's racial mixture. There are
small numbers of resident U.S. nationals and
Spaniards. The aboriginal inhabitants of the
islands were the Negritos, or Pygmies, also
called Aetas or Balugas
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PEOPLE

• Languages are all closely related, belonging to
  the Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian) family of
  languages.
• Traditionally, eight major linguistic groups are
  identified.
• These are
• (1) the Tagalog group
• (2) Cebuano
• (3) Ilocano
• (4) Hiligaynon (Ilongo)
• (5) Bicol
• (6) WarayWaray
• (7) Pampango
• (8) Pangasinan

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MIGRATION
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MIGRATION

• Labor migration
• American colonial rule (1898-1930) Farmers
• worked in plantations.
• Many professionals in search of higher paying
  jobs
• in the 1950s.
• Change in the pattern of migration among
  Filipinos during the time of Marcos.
• Biggest labor exporting country in Asia and is
  ranked second in the world next to Mexico.
• Since 1992, remittances have been growing by 35
  annually. (today US 7 bn)
• Increase in remittance despite the decrease in
  the number of land-based OFWs was a sign that
  many undocumented Filipinos continue to go
  abroad.

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MIGRATION TRENDS OBSERVED

• The volume of Filipinos working temporarily
  overseas
• over the years has been overwhelming in
  comparison to
• the volume of people leaving the country to
  reside permanently abroad
• Predominance of the Middle East as a work
  destination
• gave way to the emergence of Asia in the
  mid-eighties and nineties.
• An increasing feminization of these streams in
  the mid-eighties and the nineties.
• An ever increasing proportion of service workers,
  particularly
• domestic helpers in the mid-eighties and
  nineties.

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PREHISTORY AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION

• Philippines archipelago of 7,107 islands, just
  2000
• inhabited.
• At last ice age 18,000 years ago sea beds were
  joined at about 50m below present water level.
• Earliest human bones found 22,000 B.C.
• Ancestors of todays Philippinos are Negritos and
  Aeta.
• The central role of women in horticultural
  societies tends to have political and
  sociological consequences.
• The honoured position of women

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AUSTRONESIAN EXPANSION HINDIC-BUDDHIST KINGDOMS

• Austronesian-speaking culture started their
  colonization of Luzon around 2,500 B.C.
• Austronesian kinship system gave higher prestige
  and gave an incentive for further expansion.
• Chinese trade with Kingdoms in the Malayan region
  in gold after loss of control on Silk Road.
• Distinct Hindic-Buddhist influences by the Indian
  subcontinent with which they traded.
• 100 kingdoms recorded by Chinese between 222-280.

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SRI VIJAYA

• 618 A.D. renewed stability in China stimulated
  trade through Indo-Malayan archipelago.
• Sri Vajaya from Sumatra dominant from 650-1200,
  but finally lost control when smaller kingdoms
  allied with Chinese to gain control of the region
  and trade.
• Hindic-Buddhism in the archipelago remained
  localized in the Straits.

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ISLAM SULTANATE OF MALACCA

• Arab-Chinese trade routes developed since 750
  A.D.
• The rising of Islam in the region added a
  vigorous and political dimension to commerce.
• Sultanate of Malacca spread Islam in the region
  as it grew strong and monopolized trade in the
  Straits by 1450 AD.

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SPANISH COLONY

• Arrival of Ferdindand Magellan in 1521
• Phillipines named by Ruy Lopez de Villalobos
  after Phillip II of Spain
• Two lasting effects of the Spanish rule on
  Philippine society
• near universal conversion of the population to
  Roman Catholicism
• creation of a landed elite
• Movement for independence evolved and in 1872
• 200 Filipino recruits revolted and murdered their
  Spanish officers in Cavite - the Spanish
  suppressed the revolt brutally

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SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR WORLD WAR II
1899
1942
1898
1901
1941
1945

• April 25, 1898 - United States declare war on
  Spain
• June 12, 1898 - Independence of the Philippines
• proclaimed
• August 13, 1898 - Americans take possession of
• Manila
• 1899-1901- Philippine War of Independence
• December 8, 1941 Japanese attack
• May 6, 1942 - Americans / Philippines surrender
• September 2, 1945 - Japanese surrender

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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
1948
1957
1965
1961
1953
1946

• July 4, 1946 - Manuel Roxas becomes the
• first President of
  Republic of
• the Philippines
• 1948-1953 Elpidio Quirino
• 1953-1957 Magsaysay
• 1957-1961 Carlos Garcia
• 1961-1965 Diosdado Macapagal

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REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
1965
1983
1992
2001
1972
1986
1998

• 1965-1986 Ferdinand Marcos
• 1972 - declaration of martial law
• 1983 Assassination of opposition figure
• Benigno Aquino
• 1986-1992 Corazon Aquino
• 1992-1998 Fidel Ramos
• 1998-2001 Joseph Estrada
• Since 2001 Gloria Arroyo

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ECONOMIC FIGURES (2002)
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Considerations in operating a business in the
Philippines

• Political stability recovered by Arroyo-M.,
• but threat by Muslim insurgency
• Religion yet a unifying factor enhances
• adaptability to Western business customs
• Necessity of catering to different language
  groups insignificant
• Logistical complexity by geography
• Legal system based on Anglo-American and
• Spanish law

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Considerations in operating a business in the
Philippines

• Ready supply of highly skilled labor
  (professional, technical, managerial and workers)
• Labor costs aligned with S.E.Asia, but
  compensation according to productivity and
  fluency in English
• Economic potential underestimated / intangibles
• Western consumer lifestyle (young)
• informal sector (25-40 of GNP)
• overseas remittances (US 7bn!)

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THANK YOU