Advanced Concepts

1
Advanced Concepts

• Lecture 11

2
Overview

• Beyond todays green buildings
• Deconstruction
• Construction Ecology and Metabolism

3
Deconstruction

• The dismantling of a structure in the reverse
  order of its construction for the purposes of
  removing/separating 1) reusable and 2) recyclable
  materials to the maximum extent practicable, in a
  cost-effective and safe manner.

4
Deconstruction
The whole or partial disassembly of structures
for the purpose of reusing salvaged building
materials.
Diversion though Direct material reuse Upcycling
Recycling Downcycling
The primary intent is to divert the maximum
amount of salvaged building materials from the
CD waste stream through reuse
5
Deconstruction Benefits

• Region
• Employment Opportunities
• Encourage new businesses
• Provide low cost building materials
• Networks salvagers, builders, and reusers

Environment - Reuse materials Conserve raw
materials, reduce energy required for new
materials, preserve landfill space

• Money
• Recycling revenues
• Reduce waste management expenses
• Tax income from new businesses
• Marketability of a Green region

6
Cost-Effectiveness

• Demolition
• (Demolition Disposal) (Contract Price)
• Deconstruction
• (Deconstruction Disposal Processing)
  (Contract Price Salvage Value)

7
Deconstruction Markets

• Habitat for Humanity ReStores
• Community development non-profits
• HUD - HOPE VI
• Military bases - BRAC
• Flood buy-out - FEMA
• Institutions and municipalities
• Job-training programs
• Commercial demolition w/salvage
• Redevelopment/historic districts

8
Reuse Markets

• On-site reuse
• Export
• Do-it-yourselfers
• Historic preservation
• Renovation
• Value-added products
• Environmental clients
• High end architectural salvage

9
Project Specific Deconstruction Diversion Rates
10
Asbestos abatement
Interior conditions
11
Interior fixtures
Windows/doors
12
Ceiling(s)
Cabinetry/fixtures
13
Attic insulation
On-site removal
14
Interior finish(es)
Non-load bearing walls
15
Roof finish
Roof sheathing
16
Roof structure
Exterior finish
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Wall structure
Wall structure (2)
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De-nailing
Flooring
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Floor structure
Salvaged flooring
20
Brick
Lumber
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Ft. Chaffee Army Base, AR
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Hume Hall, University of Florida
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Value-adding
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Value-adding (2)
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Economics

• Deconstruction vs. Demolition
• 21 higher first cost
• 37 lower net cost

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Best Practices

• Goal 1 - Safety
• Goal 2 Maximum reusable materials
• Goal 3 Remove building from site
• Goal 4 Materials management hierarchy
• Pile system source separation of reuse,
  recycle, disposal.
• Clean-up and flow
• Handle no more than three times.
• 1 Deconstruct, 2 Process/Load, 3 Unload

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Best Practices (2)

• Deconstruction site layout
• LOFO Last On, First Off
• Never hit unless intend to break.
• Use lever, wheels, incline plane, fulcrums.
• Always work from the tongue side with any TG
  material.
• Always pull the nail in the direction that it
  went into the material.
• Apply the building technique and tools to the
  deconstruction.

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Deconstruction Results

• More savings in salvage than reduced disposal
• Increase tipping fees - keep used materials price
  lower
• Hazardous materials management enforcement
• Training - increase efficiency
• Combine deconstruction and reuse business
• On-site sales and pre-sales
• Contracts buy-backs

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CD Reuse and Recycling Agenda

• Demolition delay deconstruction permit
• Construction debris deposit program
• Volume-based and variable disposal fees
• On-site sales permit
• Internet exchanges pre-brokering
• Level environmental playing field
• Demonstrations acceptance of reuse in new
  construction
• Value-adding processing, grading, products

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• Web Resources

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Web Resources

• Environmental Building News
• www.buildinggreen.com
• Global Environmental Options
• www.geonetwork.org
• Rocky Mountain Institute
• www.rmi.org
• Smart Growth Network
• www.smartgrowth.org
• Oikos REDI Green Building Catalogue
• www.oikos.com/

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Web Resources (2)

• US Green Building Council
• www.usgbc.org
• NPS Guiding Principles to Sustainable Design
• www.nps.gov/dsc/dsgncnstr/gpsd
• Center of Excellence for Sustainable Development
• www.sustainable.doe.gov
• Southface Energy Institute
• www.southface.org/

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Web Resources (3)

• Solstice CREST
• http//solstice.crest.org
• City of Austin Green Builder Program
• www.ci.austin.tx.us/greenbuilder/
• Energy Star Buildings and Products
• www.energystar.gov/
• Certified Wood Products
• www.certifiedwood.org
• WasteSpec
• www.tjcog.dst.nc.us/cdwaste.htm

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Web Resources (4)

• Florida House Institute
• www.i4sd.org/index2.html
• Florida Gulf Coast University - Green Building
  Project
• www.fgcu.edu/greenbuilding/
• Center for Construction and Environment
• www.cce.ufl.edu/
• Florida Solar Energy Center
• www.fsec.ucf.edu/
• Florida Green Building Coalition, Inc.
• http//floridagreenbuilding.org

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Overview-Construction Ecology

• A highly successful international Green Building
  movement exists and is rapidly progressing
• Buy-in is occurring by the public and private
  sectors and market demand is increasing
• New products and services supporting this
  movement are appearing daily
• BUT..the design, construction, operation, and
  disposition of Green Buildings is not based in
  science
• The proponents of Green Building are architects,
  engineers, planners, and others with little or no
  education, training, or experience in ecology

36
Problem-Ecological Insights

• Rationale Knowledge of ecology is a prerequisite
  to creating green buildings, otherwise we are
  guessing and using pure intuition
• Problem How do we use ecology to inform our
  design, construction, operation, and disposition
  of the built environment?
• Spinoff Questions
• Should the built environment behave like a
  natural system?
• Energy Use
• Materials Flows
• Should we merely use the metaphor of a natural
  system?
• How do we interface natural and human systems?
• How do we redesign our industrial system to
  behave like an ecosystem?

37
Construction Ecology

• Ecology and Industrial Ecology as the basis for
  sustainable construction or green building
• Industrial Ecology has made significant progress
  in the past decade Industrial Symbiosis
• Lessons from nature
• Closed loop cycling of materials zero waste
• Maximize 2nd Law efficiency (effectiveness) and
  then maximize 1st Law efficiency
• Nature is adaptable, diverse, and resilient
• Emergent systems functioning on the edge of chaos

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Pulsing Behavior of Systems
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Lessons for the Built Environment

• Interface buildings with nature and model based
  on nature
• Make buildings part of the geological landscape
• Design buildings that are deconstructable with
  components that are reusable and ultimately
  recyclable
• Make buildings adaptable, flexible for multiple
  uses
• Revise designs to account for global
  environmental problems global warming, ozone
  depletion
• Integrate industrial and construction activities
  with ecosystem functions to sustain or increase
  the resilience of society and nature
• Keep materials in productive use, implies keeping
  buildings in productive use
• Use only renewable, biodegradable materials or
  their industrial equivalents such as recyclable
  industrial materials

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The Gerling Insurance CompanyNuernberg
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The Gerling Insurance BuildingFrankfurt a.M.
42
Mercedes Showroom StuttgartGround Coupling (1)
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Mercedes Showroom StuttgartGround Coupling(2)
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Concluding Thoughts

• Natural systems hold the key, both as metaphors
  and actual examples
• Green building lacks an adequate technical and
  philosophical basis which Construction Ecology
  may be able to provide
• Construction Ecology is based on the integration
  of ecology, systems ecology, and Industrial
  Ecology