Islamic Science

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Islamic Science
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Astrolabes
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Astrolabes

• Astrolabes are used to show the positioning of
  the stars in the sky at a given place and time.
• They are used to find the time of day or night.
• A mariners astrolabe, a navigational instrument
  used to calculate geographic latitude, is
  different from the typical astrolabe.

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Astrolabes - History

• Astrolabe projection was first studied in ancient
  Greece ca. 225 BC.
• By 400 A.D., the projection had been developed
  into the instrument known as the astrolabe.

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Astrolabes History

• The astrolabe was introduced into the Muslim
  world in the eighth and ninth centuries, where it
  was fully developed.
• Muslims used the astrolabe to calculate prayer
  times, which are dependent on the positions of
  the sun in the sky.

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Astrolabes History

• The astrolabe was introduced to Europe through
  Islamic Spain in the early 12th Century.
• The astrolabe remained the most popular
  astronomical instrument until about 1650, when it
  was replaced by more precise and accurate
  instruments.

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Algebra
f(y) 2y3 5/7 y
f(x) 3x4 2x 9
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Algebra

• The word algebra comes from the Arabic word
  al-jabr, meaning restoration.
• During the 9th Century, Muslim mathematicians
  developed algebra, which they called the science
  of restoration and balancing.

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Algebra

• A man named al-Khwarizmi, who studied in
  Baghdad, is accredited with being the Father of
  Algebra.
• At around 830 A.D., al-Khwarizmi wrote a treatise
  called Hisab al-jabr wal muqabala, or The
  Compendious Book of Calculation by Completion and
  Balancing.
• This title gives us the word algebra.

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Numbers the Concept of Zero

• The numbering system as we know it today (1, 2,
  3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0) was developed in India
  and brought to Europe by the Arabs. These
  numbers are known as Arabic numerals.
• The concept of zero was also probably first
  developed in India, but it was first written down
  by Arabs, and it reached Europe through Islamic
  civilization.