Detection Techniques

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Detection Techniques
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Liquid Argon TPC (ICARUS)

• Electronic Bubble chamber
• Planes of wires (3mm pitch) widely separated
  (1.5m) 55K readout channels!
• Very Pure Liquid Argon
• Density 1.4, Xo14cm lINT 83cm
• 3.6x3.9x19.1m3 600 ton module (480fid)

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Half Module of ICARUS
View of the inner detector
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Liquid Argon TPC
Raw Data to Reconstructed Event

• Because electrons can drift a long time (gt1m!) in
  very pure liquid argon, this can be used to
  create an electronic bubble chamber

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dE/dx in Materials

• Bethe-Block Equation
• x in units of g/cm2
• Energy Loss Only f(b)
• Can be used for Particle ID in range of momentum

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Full 2D View from the Collection Wire Plane
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Drift coord. (m)
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1
3
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Wire coord. (m)
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4
6
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El.m. shower
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Zoom views
m stop and decay in e
Detail of a long (14 m) m track with d-ray spots
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El.m. shower
T600 test _at_ Pv Run 201 - Evt 12
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Full 2D view from the Collection Wire Plane
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Drift Coord. (m)
Wire coord. (m)
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4
18
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Zoom View
3.9 m
1.3 m
T600 test _at_ Pv Run 308 - Evt 7
Large el.m. shower
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Events with Hadrons
2D view
2D view

• Trk. 1 - m.i.p.
• Edep 31 MeV
• Ltrk 18 cm
• Trk. 2 heavily i.p.
• Edep 191 MeV
• Ltrk 53 cm
• Trk. 3 - m.i.p.
• Edep 105 MeV
• Ltrk 60 cm
• Trk. 4 - heavily i.p.
• Edep 42 MeV
• Ltrk 16 cm
• Trk. 5 - m.i.p.
• Edep 111 MeV
• Ltrk 60 cm

vertex
vertex
Preliminary analysis
10 m3 test _at_ LNGS Run 641 - Evt 14 (Apr. 14th,
2000)
Monte Carlo ne Charged Current Event
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Steel/Scintillator Detector (MINOS)

• 8m octagon steel scintillator calorimeter
• Sampling every 2.54 cm
• 4cm wide strips of scintillator
• 5.4 kton total mass
• 55/?E for hadrons, 23/?E for electrons
• 486 planes of scintillator
• 95,000 strips

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MINOS in Soudan

• 5.4 kton total mass
• 55/?E for hadrons
• 23/?E for electrons
• 486 planes of scintillator
• 95,000 strips

May 14, 2002
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Events at MINOS
2.4GeV nmCC
25GeV nmCC
8.5GeV neCC
10GeV nNC
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MINI-MINOS beam test (at CERN)

• Mini detector with sixty 1 m2 planes
• Ran last summer with FD electronics
• ND electronics and higher energies this year
• Tested with hadrons, electrons, and protons

Expected resolution, 23/?E constant term lt5
Preliminary
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Backgrounds in Neutrino Factories
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Detector-Dependent Backgrounds

• The denser the detector, the more likely the
  meson in the hadronic shower will interact before
  decaying

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LOw DENsity Calorimeter

• Low z absorber to maximize detector mass for a
  given X0 sampling recycled plastic pellets?
  Other?
• Cheap, reliable detector glass RPC
• Two-dimensional information per sample
• Simple, understood technology
• Can start detector construction with minimal
  delay

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ne Charged Current
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n Neutral Current Event
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LoDensity Energy Resolution

• ne Charged Current Events (ylt.5)

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Cerenkov Light
As particles move faster than the speed of light
in that medium, they emit a shock wave of light

• For water, n(280-580nm)1.33-6
• Threshold Angle 42o

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Event Reconstruction in Cerenkov Detector

• Vertex Point fit time of flight should be as
  sharp as possible
• Define set of in-time tubes
• Use Hough Transform to find rings
• Look for rings until youre done
• Particle ID
• Corrections to Vertex
• Energy Reconstruction
• Decay Electron Finding

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Particle ID Using Cerenkov Light
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Super-Kamiokande detector
50,000 ton water Cherenkov detector (22.5 kton
fiducial volume) 1000m underground (2700
m.w.e.) 11,146 20-inch PMTs for inner
detector 1,885 8-inch PMTs for outer detector
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Inside the Super-K Experiment
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(No Transcript)
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Single-Ring Energy Resolution

• Tested with LINAC at KEK

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Charged or Neutral Current?
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Charged or Neutral Current?
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MiniBooNE detector Cerenkov with Mineral Oil
total volume 800 tons (6 m radius) fiducial
volume 445 tons (5m radius)
1280 PMTs in detector at 5.5 m radius
10 photocathode coverage 240 PMTs in veto
Phototube support structure provides opaque
barrier between veto and main volumes
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Differences Between Oil and Water Cerenkov
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NuTeV Coarse-Grained Calorimeter
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Coarse-Grained Detector
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Neutral and Charged Current Events..what about
nes?
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NuTeV Energy Resolution

• Calibration Beams of p and e

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nt detection (OPERA)

• Challenge making a Fine-grained and massive
  detector to see kink when tau decays to something
  plus nt

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nt detection (OPERA)

• Detection Efficiency

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nt backgrounds

• Cut on invariant mass of primary tracks

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nt events expected (OPERA)

• Comparison 4 nt events over 0.34 background at
  DONUT .27kton