ATSA ITP

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ATSA ITP
CRISTAL ITP Consortium
Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness In Trail
Procedure

• Controller Information for ATSA ITP Flight Trials

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Status

• Reference
• This presentation reflects the In-Trail Procedure
  as proposed by ICAO SASP WG/WHL/14 in October
  2008. The SASP WG/WHL proposal is described in
  the ITP PANS-ATM amendment, dated 12th January
  2009, version 3. This proposal covers the CPDLC
  message elements, and the procedures to allow the
  use of ATSA ITP.
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Content
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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

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ADS-B Concept ADS-Broadcast

• Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast is a
  surveillance technique based on the capability of
  aircraft to automatically and periodically
  transmit data such as position, altitude,
  velocity, identification and so forth.
• This information can be received by Ground
  Stations (ADS-B OUT) or other Aircraft (ADS-B IN)
  and can be used for surveillance purposes.

Airborne ADS-B Receiver
ADS-B Ground station receivers
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ADS-B Concept ADS-Broadcast
Slide notes available
Automatic No action required from flight
crew Dependent Aircraft position provided by
aircraft Surveillance
Broadcast Transmission of data without
solicitation

• Heavy and expensive installation/maintenance

• Light and cheap installation/maintenance
• More precise position (GPS source)
• Higher refresh rate (0.5 second)
• Improved traffic awareness in the cockpit (ADS-B
  IN applications)
• Less electro-magnetic pollution.

• Less precise position (computed by ground radar)
• Lower refresh rate (5 seconds)
• Preliminary interrogation required.

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ADS-B Concept Differences with ADS-C

• ADS-Broadcast
• For surveillance purposes
• Hosted by Mode S transponder capable of ADS-B
• Range Line-of-sight (theoretically 250 300 NM
  from ADS-B ground receiver)
• Data broadcast every 0.5 sec to ATC and aircraft
  capable of ADS-B IN
• Currently used in continental areas.

• ADS-Contract
• For procedural control purposes
• Hosted by FANS 1/A computer
• Range Worldwide thanks to SATCOM and HF Data
  Link
• Data transmitted by contract to ATC (end-to-end
  connection)
• Periodically Every 15 to 30 min
• On demand When requested by ATC controller
• On event On an event defined by ATC controller
  (eg FL change, waypoint sequencing, or offset)
• Currently used in oceanic and remote areas.

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ADS-B concept ADS-B applications
Surveillance with ADS-B Transponder Mode S
ADS-B OUT
ADS-B data GPS position (lat, long, altitude),
Aircraft ID, GS, V/S, TRK, wake vortex category,
etc.
ATSAW (AIRBUS) Air Traffic Situational
Awareness Display of enriched traffic information
in the cockpit

• ADS-B OUT Capability to transmit ADS-B data
• ADS-B NRA Non Radar areas
• ADS-B RAD Radar areas
• ADS-B APT Airport surfaces

• ADS-B IN Capability to receive ADS-B data
• ATSA SURF Airport Surfaces
• ATSA AIRB Airborne operations
• ATSA ITP In Trail Procedure
• ATSA VSA Visual Separation on Approach

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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

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ATSA ITP Concept In Trail Procedure
Slide notes available

• ITP enables aircraft to achieve FL changes on a
  more frequent basis.
• ITP is designed for oceanic and remote airspaces
  not covered by radar.
• ITP permits climbs and descents using new reduced
  longitudinal separation standards.
• Benefits
• Reduced fuel burn and CO2 emissions via more
  opportunities to reach the optimum FL or FL with
  more favorable winds.
• Increased safety via more opportunities to leave
  turbulent FL.

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ATSA ITP Concept Procedural Separation Standards

• As per ICAO PANS-ATM, Doc 4444, Chapter 5,
  longitudinal separation must be maintained during
  the entire level change (i.e. at 1, 2 and 3).

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ATSA ITP Concept ITP Separation Standards
Slide notes available

• For the ITP concept
• Before the ITP maneuver, ITP criteria must be met
  (i.e. stage 1)
• During an ITP maneuver, the ITP longitudinal
  separation between aircraft is applied with the
  Reference Aircraft (i.e. stage 2).
• At final FL, procedural separation must exist
  with aircraft that are already at that final FL
  (i.e. stage 3).

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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

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CRISTAL Co-operative Validation of
Surveillance Techniques and Applications

• The CRISTAL ITP is a consortium under the
  sponsorship of

with

• Objective
• Validate the In Trail Procedure based on the use
  of ATSA (ie ADS-B data).
• From July 2007 to February 2008, CRISTAL ITP
  performed evaluations and simulations to refine
  ITP message elements, and procedures.
• In March 2008, CRISTAL ITP performed a successful
  flight test that involved an SAS commercial
  aircraft and an AIRBUS test aircraft. The AIRBUS
  test aircraft performed different ITP maneuvers
  behind and ahead of the SAS aircraft. The flight
  test occurred in Reykjavik airspace under radar
  coverage to ensure safe conditions.
• Press release http//www.airbus.com/en/presscentr
  e/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/08_04_16_new_p
  rocedure_reduces_fuel_burn.html

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CRISTAL ITP Consortium Flight Trials

• The Flight Trials will involve airlines that wish
  to participate in validating ATSA ITP in the
  North Atlantic with commercial aircraft, and NAT
  ANSPs.
• Flight trials with commercial aircraft and
  oceanic controllers will help gain technical and
  operational experience in the use of ITP.
• CRISTAL ITP has proposed a PANS-ATM (ICAO Doc
  4444) amendment to introduce ATSA ITP. The ITP
  PANS-ATM amendment is currently in the ICAO
  validation process.
• Objectives
• Validate ATSA ITP message elements and procedures
  as defined in the ATSA ITP PANS-ATM amendment.

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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

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ITP Terminology
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ITP Terminology
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ITP Terminology
Slide notes available
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ITP Terminology Climb example
Slide notes available
Desired FL
Intervening FL
Intervening FL
Initial FL
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ITP Terminology
Slide notes available
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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

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ITP Geometries
Slide notes available
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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

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ITP Procedure Step by Step
Slide notes available
Air Traffic Controller
Flight Crew

• Check that ITP criteria are met.
• If ITP is possible, request ATC clearance via
  CPDLC using ITP request.

• Check that there are no blocking aircraft other
  than Reference Aircraft in the ITP request.
• Check that ITP request is applicable (i.e.
  standard separation will not be sufficient) and
  the format is compliant with ITP phraseology, and
  procedures.
• Check that Positive Mach difference is not
  greater than 0.04 Mach.
• Check that the Reference Aircraft have not been
  cleared to maneuver.
• Check Maximum of 2 Reference Aircraft.
• Check that Reference Aircraft and ITP Aircraft
  are on Same Track.
• Check that ITP Aircraft is not the Reference
  Aircraft in another ITP.
• Maximum level change of 2000 feet.
• Issue ITP clearance via CPDLC.
• Note the ITP is never controller initiated.

Requested Flight Level Aircraft ID of the
Reference Aircraft Relative position and distance
to the Reference Aircraft i.e. XX BEHIND or XX
AHEAD OF

• When ITP clearance is received, check that ITP
  criteria are still met.
• If ITP criteria are met, accept ITP clearance via
  CPDLC.
• Execute ITP clearance without delay.
• Report established at the cleared FL.

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ITP Procedure Responsibilities
Slide notes available
Air Traffic Controller Responsible for
Flight Crew Responsible for

• Must ensure Separation between ITP aircraft and
  all aircraft
• Consistency of the Reference aircraft
  identification quoted in the request with
  information available in the ground system (i.e.
  the correct aircraft callsigns are used.)
• Ensuring that all blocking aircraft are
  identified in the request
• Consistency of the information transmitted in the
  request with the ITP criteria, (i.e. the ITP
  distance must be 15NM or more.)

• Compliance of aircraft and ATSAW system
  performance with ITP criteria
• Strict adherence to the ITP Procedure
• Normal compliance with TCAS.

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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

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ITP Criteria
Slide notes available
Checked by
Airborne Flight Crew or Avionics ATC Air
Traffic Controller or Ground system
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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

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CPDLC messages for ITP Climb example
Slide notes available
Examples in slide 33.
1
2
Flight Crew Request
REQUEST DESCENT TO FL350 ITP 33NM/AHEAD
OF/AIB1234 AND 34NM/AHEAD OF/AIB5678
REQUEST CLIMB TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/BEHIND/callsign1 AND ITP
distanceNM/AHEAD OF/callsign2
REQUEST CLIMB TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/BEHIND/callsign
ATC Clearance
ITP BEHIND callsign CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN
altitude REPORT LEVEL altitude
ITP AHEAD OF AIB1234 AND AHEAD OF
AIB5678 DESCEND TO AND MAINTAIN FL350 REPORT
LEVEL FL350
ITP BEHIND callsign1 AND AHEAD OF
callsign2 CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN
altitude REPORT LEVEL altitude
Use of free text
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CPDLC messages for ITP Descent
The same! Use DESCENT instead of CLIMB.
Flight Crew Request
REQUEST DESCENT TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/AHEAD OF/callsign
REQUEST DESCENT TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/BEHIND/callsign1 AND ITP
distanceNM/AHEAD OF/callsign2
REQUEST DESCENT TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/BEHIND/callsign
ATC Clearance
ITP BEHIND callsign DESCEND TO AND MAINTAIN
altitude REPORT LEVEL altitude
ITP AHEAD OF callsign DESCEND TO AND
MAINTAIN altitude REPORT LEVEL altitude
ITP BEHIND callsign1 AND AHEAD OF
callsign2 DESCEND TO AND MAINTAIN
altitude REPORT LEVEL altitude
1
2
Use of free text
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CPDLC messages for ITP Examples
Slide notes available
Call signs must include the ICAO indicator as
shown on ATC display ITP distance in NM
Flight Crew Request
REQUEST DESCENT TO FL350 ITP 33NM/AHEAD OF/AIB1234
REQUEST CLIMB TO FL380 ITP 27NM/BEHIND/AIB1234 AND
53NM/AHEAD OF/AIB5678
REQUEST CLIMB TO FL380 ITP 21NM/BEHIND/AIB1234
ATC Clearance
ITP BEHIND AIB1234 CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN
FL380 REPORT LEVEL FL380
ITP AHEAD OF AIB1234 DESCEND TO AND MAINTAIN
FL350 REPORT LEVEL FL350
ITP BEHIND AIB1234 AND AHEAD OF AIB5678 CLIMB
TO AND MAINTAIN FL380 REPORT LEVEL FL380
Use of free text
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CPDLC messages for ITP Alternatives
Slide notes available

• The following CPDLC messages may substitute for
  the ones in slides 31 and 32 in ATC clearance
• CLIMB TO REACH altitude BY time
• CLIMB TO REACH altitude BY position
• DESCEND TO REACH altitude BY time
• DESCEND TO REACH altitude BY position
• The aircraft must reach the instructed altitude
  at or before the instructed time or position.
• The following CPDLC messages may be added to the
  ones in slides 31 and 32 in ATC clearance
• CROSS position AT altitude
• CROSS position AT OR ABOVE altitude
• CROSS position AT OR BELOW altitude
• Refer to Guidance Material for ATS Data Link
  Services in North Atlantic Airspace at
  http//www.nat-pco.org/adswpr.htm for details on
  these messages.

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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

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Examples ITP Possible
FL380
FL370
FL360

• Climb from FL360 to FL380 is desired.

• Flight crew checks that ITP criteria are met and
  requests ITP clearance.
• ATC issues ITP climb clearance.
• Flight crew checks that ITP criteria are still
  met and executes ITP clearance without delay.

• Standard climb is not possible as standard
  procedural separation does not exist at FL370.

• Consider ITP climb.

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Examples ITP Not Possible
FL380
FL370
FL360

• Flight crew checks that ITP criteria are met and
  requests ITP clearance.
• ATC rejects ITP climb due to a non ADS-B blocking
  aircraft at FL370. The flight crew does not see
  this blocking aircraft, as it does not transmit
  ADS-B data.

• Climb from FL360 to FL380 is desired.

• Standard climb is not possible as standard
  procedural separation does not exist at FL370.

• Consider ITP climb.

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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

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Operational Recommendations

• The flight must be approved to conduct ITP
  (operator approval, flight crew qualification,
  aircraft equipment).
• Separation responsibilities do not change
• Initial ATSAW system is not designed for
  self-separation.
• Some aircraft are not ADS-B OUT capable and are
  invisible to ATSAW system.
• The flight crew is not required to monitor
  separations during the ITP maneuver.
• The flight crew remains responsible for the
  See-and-Avoid procedure.
• Flight crew must strictly adhere to ITP procedure
  and phraseology.
• When using free text, flight crew must pay
  attention to the correctness of ITP distances,
  relative positions, and flight identifications.
• When using free text, ATC controller must pay
  attention to the correctness of relative
  positions and flight callsigns.
• The flight crew must refer to TCAS for collision
  avoidance
• ATSAW system is not designed for collision
  avoidance.
• The flight crew must re-check the ITP criteria
  before answering the ITP clearance
• WILCO if ITP criteria are still met
• UNABLE if ITP criteria are not met any longer.
• After the re-check of the ITP criteria and
  acceptance of the ITP clearance, flight crew
  should execute ITP clearance without delay.
• Flight crew must follow the regional contingency
  procedures if the aircraft is unable to continue
  the ITP maneuver.

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Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

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Abbreviations

• ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance
  Broadcast
• ADS-C Automatic Dependent Surveillance
  Contract
• ATSA or ATSAW Airborne Traffic Situational
  Awareness
• CPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link Communication
• CRISTAL Co-operative Validation of Surveillance
  Techniques and Applications
• FL Flight Level
• GS Ground Speed
• ICAO SASP WG/WHL ICAO Separation and Airspace
  Safety Panel Working Group of the Whole

• ITP In Trail Procedure
• PSR Primary Surveillance Radar
• SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar