ATSA ITP

1
ATSA ITP
CRISTAL ITP Consortium
Airborne Traffic Situational Awareness In Trail
Procedure

• Flight Crew Information Leaflet for CRISTAL ITP
  Pioneer Phase

2
Status

• Use of this material
• This material is free to use. The material is
  built on the experience from CRISTAL ITP. The
  reader should be aware that it does not exactly
  match the procedure that was used in the CRISTAL
  ITP project.
• It is the responsibility of the user of the
  training material to make sure that the training
  material aligns with current specifications and
  application of the procedure.
• Reference
• The present Flight Crew Information Leaflet
  reflects the In-Trail Procedure as proposed by
  ICAO SASP WG/WHL/14 in October 2008. The SASP
  WG/WHL proposal is described in the ITP PANS/ATM
  amendment, dated 12th January 2009, version 3.
  This proposal covers the CPDLC messages and the
  procedures to allow the use of ATSA ITP.
• Please consider the environment before printing
  this presentation.
• The optimal print-out settings should be
  printing of desired slides only, use of recycled
  paper, toner saving activated, color options to
  black and white, printing layout set to 4 slides
  per page, front and back. Thank you for your
  cooperation.

3
How to use this information leaflet?

• Training in classroom
• Use Show mode.
• Animation available for academic training.
• Slide notes available in the top right corner
  indicates that notes are available in Normal
  view.
• Self-training
• Use Edit mode with Normal view.
• Slide notes are available in Normal view for
  additional information.
• Hyperlinks are active in Show mode.
• Go back to the previously viewed slide
• Right click
• Select Go gt Previously Viewed.

4
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

5
ADS-B Concept ADS-Broadcast
Slide notes available
Automatic No action required from flight
crew Dependent Aircraft position provided by
aircraft Surveillance
Broadcast Transmission of data without
solicitation

• Heavy and expensive installation/maintenance

• Light and cheap installation/maintenance
• More precise position (GPS source)
• Higher refresh rate (0.5 second)
• Improved traffic awareness in the cockpit (ADS-B
  IN applications)
• Less electro-magnetic pollution.

• Less precise position (computed by ground radar)
• Lower refresh rate (5 seconds)
• Preliminary interrogation required.

6
ADS-B Concept Differences with ADS-C

• ADS-Broadcast
• For surveillance purposes
• Hosted by Mode S transponder capable of ADS-B
• Range Line-of-sight (theoretically 250 300 NM
  from ADS-B ground receiver)
• Data broadcast every 0.5 sec to ATC and aircraft
  capable of ADS-B IN
• Currently used in continental areas.

• ADS-Contract
• For procedural control purposes
• Hosted by FANS 1/A computer
• Range Worldwide thanks to SATCOM and HF Data
  Link
• Data transmitted by contract to ATC (end-to-end
  connection)
• Periodically Every 15 to 30 min
• On demand When requested by ATC controller
• On event On an event defined by ATC controller
  (eg FL change, waypoint sequencing, or offset)
• Currently used in oceanic and remote areas.

7
ADS-B concept ADS-B applications
Surveillance with ADS-B Transponder Mode S
ADS-B OUT
ADS-B data GPS position (lat, long, altitude),
Aircraft ID, GS, V/S, TRK, wake vortex category,
etc.
ATSAW (AIRBUS) Air Traffic Situational
Awareness Display of enriched traffic information
in the cockpit

• ADS-B OUT Capability to transmit ADS-B data
• ADS-B NRA Non Radar areas
• ADS-B RAD Radar areas
• ADS-B APT Airport surfaces

• ADS-B IN Capability to receive ADS-B data
• ATSA SURF Airport Surfaces
• ATSA AIRB Airborne operations
• ATSA ITP In Trail Procedure
• ATSA VSA Visual Separation on Approach

8
ADS-B concept Operational benefits
Slide notes available

• ADS-B OUT
• Ground perspective
• ADS-B NRA
• Provides SSR-like surveillance services (e.g. 5
  NM longitudinal separation),
• With cheaper installation,
• Where SSR does not exist or is not justified by
  traffic volumes.
• ADS-B RAD
• Provides SSR surveillance services,
• Decommissioning of redundant SSR,
• In combination with other surveillance sensors
  (WAM, SSR, or PSR)
• ADS-B APT
• New tool for surface movement surveillance.

• ADS-B IN
• Cockpit perspective
• ATSA SURF
• Enhanced traffic awareness during surface
  operations (taxi, take-off, landing) safety
  enhancement.
• ATSA AIRB
• Enhanced traffic awareness during airborne
  operations.
• ATSA ITP (In Trail Procedure) more FL change
  opportunities (optimum FL, turbulences) fuel
  savings, safety enhancement.
• ATSA VSA (Visual Separation on Approach) more
  successful landing, less go-arounds approach
  throughput, fuel savings, etc.

9
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

10
ATSA ITP Concept In Trail Procedure
Slide notes available

• ITP enables aircraft to achieve FL changes on a
  more frequent basis.
• ITP is designed for oceanic and remote airspaces
  not covered by radar.
• ITP permits climbs and descents using new reduced
  longitudinal separation standards.
• Benefits
• Reduced fuel burn and CO2 emissions via more
  opportunities to reach the optimum FL or FL with
  more favorable winds.
• Increased safety via more opportunities to leave
  turbulent FL.

11
ATSA ITP Concept Procedural Separation Standards

• As per ICAO PANS-ATM, Doc 4444, Chapter 5, a
  longitudinal separation must be maintained during
  the entire vertical maneuver (i.e. stages 1, 2
  and 3).

12
ATSA ITP Concept ITP Separation Standards
Slide notes available

• For the ITP concept
• Before the ITP maneuver, ITP criteria must be met
  (i.e. stage 1)
• During an ITP maneuver, the ITP longitudinal
  separation between aircraft is applied (i.e.
  stage 2).
• At final FL, procedural separation must exist
  with aircraft that are already at that final FL
  (i.e. stage 3).

13
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

14
CRISTAL ITP Consortium

• The CRISTAL ITP is a consortium under the
  sponsorship of

with

• Objective
• Validate the In Trail Procedure based on the use
  of ATSA (ie ADS-B data).
• From July 2007 to February 2008, CRISTAL ITP
  performed evaluations and simulations to refine
  ITP phraseology and procedures.
• In March 2008, CRISTAL ITP performed a successful
  flight test that involved an SAS commercial
  aircraft and an AIRBUS test aircraft. The AIRBUS
  test aircraft performed different ITP maneuvers
  behind and ahead of the SAS aircraft. The flight
  test occurred in the Reykjavik airspace under
  radar coverage to ensure safe conditions.
• Press release http//www.airbus.com/en/presscentr
  e/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/08_04_16_new_p
  rocedure_reduces_fuel_burn.html

15
CRISTAL ITP Consortium Flight Trials

• The Flight Trials will involve airlines that wish
  to participate in validating ATSA ITP in the
  North Atlantic with commercial aircraft and Air
  Navigation Service Providers.
• Flight trials with commercial aircraft and
  oceanic controllers will help gaining technical
  and operational experience in the use of ITP.
• CRISTAL ITP has proposed a PANS-ATM (ICAO Doc
  4444) amendment to introduce ATSA ITP. The ITP
  PANS-ATM amendment is currently in the ICAO
  validation process.
• Objectives
• Validate ATSA ITP phraseology and procedures as
  defined in the ATSA ITP PANS-ATM amendment.

16
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

17
ITP Terminology
18
ITP Terminology
Slide notes available
19
ITP Terminology Climb Example
Slide notes available
20
ITP Terminology
21
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

22
ITP Geometries
Slide notes available
Non exhaustive list
23
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

24
ITP Procedure Step by Step
Slide notes available
Air Traffic Controller
Flight Crew

• Check that ITP criteria are met.
• If ITP is possible, request ATC clearance via
  CPDLC using ITP phraseology.

• Check that there are no blocking aircraft other
  than Reference Aircraft in the ITP request.
• Check that ITP request is applicable (i.e.
  standard request not sufficient) and compliant
  with ITP phraseology.
• Check that ITP criteria are met.
• If all checks are positive, issue ITP clearance
  via CPDLC.

• When ITP clearance is received, check that ITP
  criteria are still met.
• If ITP criteria are met, accept ITP clearance via
  CPDLC.
• Execute ITP clearance without delay.
• Report established at the cleared FL.

25
ITP Procedure Responsibilities
Slide notes available
Air Traffic Controller
Flight Crew

• Compliance of aircraft and ATSAW system
  performances with ITP criteria
• Strict adherence to the ITP Procedure
• Normal compliance with TCAS orders.

• Separation between ITP aircraft and all aircraft
• Consistency of the Reference aircraft
  identification quoted in the request with
  information available in the ground system (i.e.
  the correct Aircraft IDs are used).
• Ensuring that all blocking aircraft are
  identified in the request
• Consistency of the information transmitted in the
  request with ITP criteria (i.e the ITP distance
  must be 15 NM or more).

26
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

27
ITP Criteria
Slide notes available
Checked by
Airborne Flight Crew or Avionics ATC Air
Traffic Controller or Ground system
28
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

29
CPDLC messages for ITP Climb
Slide notes available
Examples in slide 31.
1
2
Flight Crew Request
REQUEST CLIMB TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/AHEAD OF/aircraft ID
REQUEST CLIMB TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/BEHIND/aircraft ID1 AND ITP
distanceNM/AHEAD OF/aircraft ID2
REQUEST CLIMB TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/BEHIND/aircraft ID
ATC Clearance
ITP BEHIND aircraft ID CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN
altitude REPORT LEVEL altitude
ITP AHEAD OF aircraft ID CLIMB TO AND
MAINTAIN altitude REPORT LEVEL altitude
ITP BEHIND aircraft ID1 AND AHEAD OF aircraft
ID2 CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN altitude REPORT
LEVEL altitude
Use of free text
30
CPDLC messages for ITP Descent
The same! Use DESCENT instead of CLIMB.
Flight Crew Request
REQUEST DESCENT TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/AHEAD OF/aircraft ID
REQUEST DESCENT TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/BEHIND/aircraft ID1 AND ITP
distanceNM/AHEAD OF/aircraft ID2
REQUEST DESCENT TO altitude ITP ITP
distanceNM/BEHIND/aircraft ID
ATC Clearance
ITP BEHIND aircraft ID DESCEND TO AND
MAINTAIN altitude REPORT LEVEL altitude
ITP AHEAD OF aircraft ID DESCEND TO AND
MAINTAIN altitude REPORT LEVEL altitude
ITP BEHIND aircraft ID1 AND AHEAD OF aircraft
ID2 DESCEND TO AND MAINTAIN altitude REPORT
LEVEL altitude
1
2
Use of free text
31
CPDLC messages for ITP Examples
Slide notes available
Use Aircraft IDs as shown on ATSA display ITP
distance in NM
1
2
Flight Crew Request
REQUEST DESCENT TO FL350 ITP 33NM/AHEAD
OF/AIB1234 AND 34NM/AHEAD OF/AIB5678
REQUEST CLIMB TO FL380 ITP 27NM/BEHIND/AIB1234 AND
53NM/AHEAD OF/AIB5678
REQUEST CLIMB TO FL380 ITP 21NM/BEHIND/AIB1234
ATC Clearance
ITP BEHIND AIB1234 CLIMB TO AND MAINTAIN
FL380 REPORT LEVEL FL380
ITP AHEAD OF AIB1234 AND AHEAD OF
AIB5678 DESCEND TO AND MAINTAIN FL350 REPORT
LEVEL FL350
ITP BEHIND AIB1234 AND AHEAD OF AIB5678 CLIMB
TO AND MAINTAIN FL380 REPORT LEVEL FL380
Use of free text
32
CPDLC messages for ITP Alternatives
Slide notes available

• The following CPDLC messages may substitute the
  ones in slides 29 and 30 (e.g. CLIMB TO AND
  MAINTAIN FL380) in ATC clearance
• CLIMB TO REACH altitude BY time
• CLIMB TO REACH altitude BY position
• DESCEND TO REACH altitude BY time
• DESCEND TO REACH altitude BY position
• The aircraft must reach the instructed altitude
  at or before the instructed time or position.
• The following CPDLC messages may be added to the
  ones in slides 29 and 30 in ATC clearance
• CROSS position AT altitude
• CROSS position AT OR ABOVE altitude
• CROSS position AT OR BELOW altitude
• Refer to Guidance Material for ATS Data Link
  Services in North Atlantic Airspace at
  http//www.nat-pco.org/adswpr.htm for details on
  these messages.

33
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

34
Examples ITP Possible
FL380
FL370
FL360

• Climb from FL360 to FL380 is desired.

• Flight crew checks that ITP criteria are met and
  requests ITP clearance.
• ATC issues ITP climb clearance.
• Flight crew checks that ITP criteria are still
  met and executes ITP clearance without delay.

• Standard climb is not possible as standard
  procedural separation does not exist at FL370.

• Consider ITP climb.

35
Examples ITP Not Possible
FL380
FL370
FL360

• Flight crew checks that ITP criteria are met and
  request ITP clearance.
• ATC rejects ITP climb due to a non ADS-B blocking
  aircraft at FL370. The flight crew does not see
  this blocking aircraft on ATSA display, as it
  does not transmit ADS-B data.

• Climb from FL360 to FL380 is desired.

• Standard climb is not possible as standard
  procedural separation does not exist at FL370.

• Consider ITP climb.

36
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

37
Operational Recommendations

• The Aircraft ID entered into the avionics must be
  identical to the one filled in Item 7 of the ICAO
  flight plan.
• The flight must be approved to conduct ITP
  (operator approval, flight crew qualification,
  aircraft equipment).
• Separation responsibilities do not change
• Initial ATSAW system is not designed for
  self-separation.
• Some aircraft are not ADS-B OUT capable and are
  invisible to ATSAW system.
• The flight crew is not required to monitor
  separations during the ITP maneuver.
• The flight crew remains responsible for the
  See-and-Avoid procedure.
• Strictly adhere to ITP procedure and phraseology.
• When using free text, flight crew must pay
  attention to the correctness of ITP distances,
  relative positions, and flight identifications.
• When using free text, ATC controller must pay
  attention to the correctness of relative
  positions and flight identifications.
• The flight crew must refer to TCAS for collision
  avoidance
• ATSAW system is not designed for collision
  avoidance.
• The flight crew must re-check ITP criteria before
  answering the ITP clearance
• WILCO if ITP criteria are still met
• UNABLE if ITP criteria are not met any longer.
• After re-check of ITP criteria and acceptance of
  ITP clearance, the flight crew should execute ITP
  clearance without delay.
• The flight crew must follow regional contingency
  procedures if the aircraft is unable to continue
  the ITP maneuver.

38
In Trail Procedure
You should not be so close!
39
Content

• ITP Criteria
• CPDLC Messages for ITP
• Examples
• Operational Recommendations
• Abbreviations

• ADS-B Concept
• ATSA ITP Concept
• CRISTAL ITP Consortium
• ITP Terminology
• ITP Geometries
• ITP Procedure

40
Abbreviations

• ADS-B Automatic Dependent Surveillance
  Broadcast
• ADS-C Automatic Dependent Surveillance
  Contract
• Aircraft ID Aircraft Identification
• ATSA or ATSAW Airborne Traffic Situational
  Awareness
• CPDLC Controller Pilot Data Link Communication
• CRISTAL Co-operative Validation of Surveillance
  Techniques and Applications
• FL Flight Level
• GS Ground Speed
• ICAO SASP WG/WHL ICAO Separation and Airspace
  Safety Panel Working Group of the Whole

• ITP In Trail Procedure
• PSR Primary Surveillance Radar
• SSR Secondary Surveillance Radar
• WAM Wide Area Multilateration