The Truman Era aka Start of the Cold War

1
The Truman Era(aka Start of the Cold War)

• Chapter 28

2
United Nations is Formed

• To be a center for helping nations to
• Keep peace, Develop friendly relations
• Eliminate poverty, disease, illiteracy,
  environmental destruction,
• Encourage respect for Human Rights
• Avoid using force or threats to resolve
  differences

3
Growing Distrust of Russians

• Communist Fears of World Dominance since 1917
• General distrust of Stalin

4
Warnings are Given

• From Stettin on the Baltic to Trieste in the
  Adriatic an iron curtain has descended across the
  Continent . . . What they desire is the fruits of
  war and the indefinite expansion of their power
  and doctrines. Winston Churchill
• Need to Contain spread of communism George
  Kennan-diplomat in Russia-
• Like Apples in a barrel infected by one rotten
  one, the corruption of Greece would infect Asia,
  Africa and Europe- Dean Acheson-under Secretary
  of State

5
Truman Doctrine Sets up Cold War

• U.S. provides 300M military aid to Greece and
  100M to Turkey
• US forces sent to train and oversee
• . . . We must assist free people to work out
  their own destinies in their own way-TRUMAN
  DOCTRINE

6
Marshall Plan Enacted(aka ERP, Point Four)

• Need to Contain spread of communism
• War Torn Europe cannot recover w/o help
• Poverty, starvation, and unemployment breeds
  desperation
• Desperation is Communist Dictators best friend
• 12 Billion spent in Western Europe to save
  Democracy
• Russia w/her satellite nations declined
  invitation to participate
• Nuremberg Trials/Japanese Trials

7
Germany Divided
8
Berlin Divided
9
Berlin Blockade

• Soviets put pressure on Germany to avoid help
  from West by blocking access to West Berlin
• Truman responds by airlifting goods
• 4000 tons per day
• Flights lasted over a year

10
Berlin Wall Built 1961
11
Built to Avoid Brain Drain East to West
12
Checkpoint Charlie
13
One Way in or Out
14
NATO Alliance Signed
15
WARSAW PACT Signed
16
New Red Scare Communist Conspiracy to take
over US

• Widespread loyalty check of all federal
  employees 3M cleared, 3000 resigned, 300
  dismissed for suspicions
• House UnAmerican Committee (HUAC) held hearings
  Richard Nixon actively led activities
• Blacklists in movies, TV, entertainment
• Alger Hiss, career diplomat, accused of spying by
  career spy Whittaker Chambers, found guilty of
  perjury-Pumpkin Papers
• Rosenbergs sentenced to death for spying

17
Americans Fear Ambitious Politician Joe McCarthy

• Accuses State Dept employees of
  disloyalty/communism
• Holds witchhunt hearings to testify
• Guilty until proven innocent
• McCarthyismaccusations w/o proof

18
Communism Goes Global

• Mainland China falls to Communist Mao Zedong
• US backed ally Chiang Kai-shek flees to Taiwan
  off the coast of China
• Another blow to democracy

19
Korea Falls Too

• During WWII, Russian troops entered Northern
  Korea to free them from Japanese rule
• Southern Korea freed by American troops
• Soviets prevented elections in North
• Elections held in South, Syngman Rhee, Harvard
  and Princeton trained won
• Rhee announced plan to free the North
• Soviets invade South
• UN forces led by MacArthur

20
Korea The Forgotten War

• 54,000 American lives, 67 billion
• Cease fire talks yield no material gains
• Demilitarized zone at 38th parallel exactly
  where the border dispute began

21
Truman vs MacArthur

• North and South at a 2-year stalemate
• MacArthur wants to invade China to end aggression
• Truman disagrees, fearing WWIII
• UN Troops wage attack and recapture Seoul
• MacArthur disobeys Supreme Commander
• Against public opinion, Truman fires MacArthur

22
Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.
23
First Time Troops are Integrated
24
North Korea captures Seoul
25
North Korea Pushes Troops to Pusan
26
UN Troops Push Back to China Border
27
Chinese Fight Back, Capture Seoul
28
Trumans Domestic Policies

• GI Bill
• Money for wounded and disabled veterans
• Money for unemployed vets
• Money for cheap mortgages
• Money for college tuition or technical training
• Preference for civil servant jobs

29
Taft-Hartley Act

• Congress tries to curb union power
• Outlawed closed shops (had to be dues-paying
  members of a union to be hired)
• Cooling off period 60 days w/o strike or
  lockout if public safety involved
• Truman vetoed bill but it passed anyway

30
Trumans Version of New Deal is The Fair Deal

• Congress and President dont see eye to eye
• Cut in taxes benefits wealthy Truman vetoes,
  Congress overrides
• President wants programs to help farmers, Social
  Security, public housing, education, civil rights
  all vetoed by Congress
• Limits President to 2 terms
• Changes succession of President to VP, Speaker,
  Senate Leader, then cabinet members

31
1989 Wall Come Tumbling Down