Civil War 1861 1865

1
Civil War 1861 - 1865

• Chapter 18

2
The War Begins

• 18 - 1

3
Path to War

• Battle of Fort Sumter
• Harbor in South Carolina
• President Lincoln tried to send supplies
• Southerners viewed as an attack
• Confederate forces attacked April 12, 1861
• Union surrendered after 32 hrs of bombing
• thousands of volunteer for battle
• Battle begins!

4
Securing Border States

• 4 border states Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland,
  Missouri
• All permitted slavery
• Lincoln decisions for war lied in how to keep the
  border states from the Confederacy
• Virginia, North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee
  admitted to Confederacy after Ft. Sumter
• Martial law for Maryland

5
North Advantage/Disadvantages

• Advantages
• Superior resources transportation, money,
  industry, population, manufactured goods

• Disadvantages
• Invade South to win
• Unclear cause to fight

6
South Advantages/Disadvantages

• Advantages
• Skilled soldiers/military leaders
• No threat to large cities

• Disadvantages
• Few factories to produce weapons and goods
• Few rail lines
• Small population

7
Military Strategies

• Union
• Commander of Army General Ulysses S. Grant
• Union Strategy
• Blockade Confederate Ports
• Control Mississippi River
• Seize Confederate capital government

• Confederate
• Commander of Army General Robert E. Lee
• Confederate Strategy
• Fight defensive war
• Exhaust North until it is defeated

8
War in the East

• 18 - 2

9
Fighting Begins

• July 1861, Union Confederate forces clashed _at_
  Battle of Bull Run in Va. Confederates won!
• Winter 1861 both armies train for long bloody
  war
• June 1862, Battle of 7 Days Union forces
  attempt to conqueror Richmond
• August 1862, 2nd Battle of Bull Run

10
War at Sea

• Development of ironclad ships
• March 1862, Unions Monitor clashed with
  Confederates Merrimack in the 1st battle of the
  Ironclad.
• Monitor prevailed continuing the blockade of
  Southern coastline cutting of supplies from Europe

11
Battle of Antietam

• September 1862, General Lee invades Antietam,
  Maryland.
• General McClellan and General Lee clash.
• Bloodiest day of entire civil war26,000 soldiers
  die in one day
• Battle ended with Lees retreatMcClellan did not
  follow
• So many dead along town road nicknamed bloody lane

12
Emancipation Proclamation

• Lincoln issued proclamation declared persons in
  seceded states were free after under control of
  union
• Did not actually free slaves, 800,00 were ignored
• War issue now directed to slavery
• European nations banning slavery denied
  assistance to Confederate government

13
African American Soldiers

• Emancipation Proclamation permitted African
  Americans to join Union army
• 180,000 served in Union army
• 54 Massachusetts Volunteers, received praise for
  bravery during assault on Ft. Wagner in
  Charleston, S. Ca. July 1863
• Confederates did not allow African Americans in
  army performed enslaved duties

14
Confederate Victories

• 1862, Confederate forces repelled Union attacks
  in Fredericksburg, Va.
• May 1863, Confederate forces defeated Union
  attack in Chancellorsville, Va.
• Lee decides to invade the North
• Confederate Union forces clash near Gettysburg,
  Penn.

15
Battle of Gettysburg

• June 1863, 3 day battle
• gt 20,000 people died
• Considered turning point of war
• Weakened Confederate forces
• Nov. 1863, President Lincoln visited battle site
  to dedicate memorial. Delivered 300 word speech
  Gettysburg Address

16
War in the West

• 18 - 3

17
Taking the Mississippi Valley

• 1862, Union Confederate forces fought for
  control of Mississippi River
• General Grant led the Union effort in the West
• Captured several key forts and took control over
  the Mississippi River

18
Surprise at Shiloh

• April 1862, Union Confederate forces clashed at
  Battle of Shiloh (border of Tenn. Miss)
• Confederate troops overran Union forces
• Northern reinforcements destroyed Confed. Attempt
• gt10,000 causalities
• Grant stopped Confederates from re-gaining
  control of West Tenn.

19
Capturing the Souths Highways

• 1862, Battle of Vicksburg, Mississippi
• Grant surrounded starved the Confederate city
• July 4, 1862, Confederates surrendered and Union
  gained control of Mississippi River
• Battle of Chattanooga, rail center for South
  Union prevailed

20
Union Success in the West

• End of 1863, North achieved 2 of 3 goals
• Blockade Southeast coast line
• Gain control of rail lines Mississippi River in
  West
• Next goal invade the deep south

21
Behind the Lines

• 18 - 4

22
Wartime Government in North

• Increased Presidential powers
• Yankee criticism of Lincoln stronger stand on
  slavery, end war at all cost.
• Lincoln declared martial law in Northern Border
  states
• Lincoln suspended habeas corpus trial by jury
  prior to jail time

23
Wartime Government in South

• Harsh treatment for Southern dissenters
• Advocated states rights over federal government

24
Raising the Armies

• Relied on volunteers then moved to draft of
  citizens
• Draft unpopular on both sides
• Riots
• Draft dodging
• Encouraged volunteers offered bounty for entry
  into army

25
Wartime Economies

• Northern economy grew to meet demands of war
• Southern economy declined due to destruction of
  farmland and lack of workers
• Financing the war
• North citizens pd for war thru income tax
  loaned money to government
• South tried to raise money thru income
  taxpeople lost interest in financially
  supporting the war

26
Surrender at Appomattox

• 18 - 5

27
Wearing Down the South

• 1864, Union campaign to enter deep South
• May 1864, General Sherman waged total war on
  South under direction of General Grant
• Bombed burned all towns in path
• Took anything troops could use
• Destroyed Southern morale captured Atlanta
  Savannah
• Slaves greeted General Sherman with open arms!

28
Election of 1864

• Presidential candidates Abraham Lincoln
  George McClellan
• September 1864, General Sherman captures Atlanta
• Lincoln won re-electionmet continuation of war
  until South surrendered and slavery ended

29
Ending the War

• Union 2 front war Sherman takes deep South
  Grant takes Richmond, Va.
• June 1864 April 1865 Lee Grant battle over
  Richmond
• April 1865, Grant breaks Lees line
• April 9, 1865, Appomattox Court House in Va. Lee
  surrenders to Grant
• End of May, Civil War is officially over!

30
Lincoln Assassination

• April 14, 1865 Lincoln attends a comedy Our
  American Cousin at Fords Theatre
• Actor Confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes
  Booth, mortally wounds Lincoln with a single gun
  shot wound to the head.
• Lincoln dies early the next morning at a local
  boarding house near the theatre thus changing
  American history forever!
• Andrew Johnson becomes President