Food Additive

1
Science Project

• Food Additive

Tse Chun Yin Ho Chin Chun Lai Kai Lui Chun
Shing Lau Hing Keung Ng Siu Long
2
Content

• P.1 - Cover
• P.2 - Content
• P.3 - Introduction
• P.4 - Function of chemicals in food additives
• P.5 - Additives as antioxidants
• P.6 - Additives as preservatives
• P.7 - Nitrites and Nitrates
• P.8 - Sulphur dioxide and sulphites
• P.9 - Additives as preservatives
• P.10 - Artificial Food Colors

• P.11 - Relationship Between Cancer And Artificial
  Sweeteners
• P.12 - Where can we find food additive?
• P.13 - Example of food additive
• P.14 - Sudan Dyes Found in Eggs
• P.15 - Function of emulsifiers
• P.16 - Emulsifying of Oil in Water
• P.17 - Conclusion
• P.18 - Allotment
• P.19 - Feeling

3
Introduction

• Food additives are non-nutritive substances added
  deliberately to any food product in small amounts
  to improve its color, texture, taste, flavor,
  consistency and shelf life. They integrate with
  the food item to become a component, thereby
  improving its quality.

4
Function of chemicals in food additives

• There are many different kinds of chemicals in
  food additives, some are pernicious and some are
  harmless.
• These chemicals are used to react with substances
  in food, such as retard the oxidation of
  unsaturated fats and oils, colorings, and
  flavorings. Oxidation leads to rancidity, flavor
  changes, and loss of color. Most of those effects
  are caused by reaction of oxygen in the air with
  fats.

5
Additives as antioxidants

• BHA and BHT - prevent oxidative spoilage of
  unsaturated fats and oils in potato chips, cheese
  balls, etc. However BHT and BHA might cause
  cancer.
• Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and ascorbates Sodium
  ascorbate , Calcium ascorbate - Ascorbic acid
  helps maintain the red color of cured meat and
  prevents the formation of nitrosamines, which
  promote cancer. It helps prevent loss of color
  and flavor by reacting with unwanted oxygen. It
  is used as a nutrient additive in drinks and
  breakfast cereals. Sodium ascorbate is a more
  soluble form of ascorbic acid.

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Additives as preservatives
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Nitrites and Nitrates

• Nitrites and nitrates can develop into
  nitrosamines in the body, which can be
  carcinogenic. They are often found in preserved
  meats, including bacon, hot dogs, bologna, and
  salami.
• Meat processors love sodium nitrite because it
  stabilizes the red color in cured meat and gives
  a characteristic flavor. Sodium nitrate is used
  in dry cured meat, because it slowly breaks down
  into nitrite. While nitrate itself is harmless,
  it is readily converted to nitrite. When nitrite
  combines with compounds called secondary amines,
  it forms nitrosamines, extremely powerful
  cancer-causing chemicals.

8
Sulphur dioxide and sulphites

• Sulfiting agents, prevent discoloration (dried
  fruit, some "fresh" shrimp, and some dried,
  fried, or frozen potatoes) and bacterial growth.
• Sulfites include sulfur dioxide in fruits,
  sulfites in grapes and wine, and metabisulfites
  in other foods, and they also destroy vitamin B-1
  and, most important, sometimes cause allergic
  reactions. or headaches, nausea, and diarrhea.
  Anyone suffering from allergies or asthma should
  minimize or avoid sulfited foods.

9

• Benzoic acid and sodium benzoate - prevent the
  growth of microorganisms in acidic foods. Used in
  oyster sauce, fish sauce, ketchup, non -
  alcoholic beverages, fruit juices, margarine,
  salads, jams and pickled products .
• Propionic acid and propionates Sodium propionate
  , Calcium propionate , Potassium propionate -
  used in bread, chocolate products, cheese.
• Sorbic acid and sorbates Potassium sorbate ,
  Calcium sorbate - prevent mould formation in
  cheese and flour confectioneries .

10
Artificial Food Colors

• Some of these coloring agents are allergenic and,
  even worse, some have carcinogenic properties.
  Some artificial food colors are suspected of
  contributing to hyperactivity, allergies, asthma,
  learning problems, and concentration difficulties
  in children and adults. Specific foods to avoid
  include colored drinks, color-coated candies,
  gummy and chewy candies, and many colored
  cereals. Be especially aware of additives when
  using vending machines.

11
Relationship Between Cancer And Artificial
Sweeteners

• Saccharin has been linked with cancer in
  laboratory animals, but its widespread use is on
  the decline. Still, other synthetic sweeteners
  like Aspartame, and acesulfame-K are widely used
  in soft drinks, candies, chewing gum and a
  variety of other products. Two research studies
  found aspartame to have caused brain tumors in
  lab animals, and it should be avoided by pregnant
  women and children under seven.

12
Where can we find food additive?

• There are many types of food additive, such as
  Antioxidants, Colours, Emulsifiers, stabilisers,
  gelling agents and thickeners, Flavourings,
  Preservatives, Sweeteners.
• They can be found in tetra-pack drinks, instant
  noodles, or any other packed food, so it is easy
  to buy them in supermarket.

13
Example of food additive
14
Sudan Dyes Found in Eggs

• In November 22, 2006, Acting Food Safety Centre
  Controller Dr Ho Yuk-yin says Sudan dyes have
  been detected in samples of a hen and duck egg
• Sudan Dyes contain Sudan I. Sudan I is a
  mammalian carcinogen laboratory tests on rats
  showed growth of cancerous tumours in the liver
  and bladder. These tests have led to the additive
  being banned from use in foods throughout the EU,
  as it may pose an increased risk of cancer.

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Function of emulsifers

• The use of food emulsifier began with the
  production of margarine as monoglyceride and
  lecithin. These compounds were commonly called
  emulsifiers.After that quite different functions
  were found and emulsifiers have since been used
  in starchy foods such as breads, and dairy
  products like ice cream.

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Emulsifying of Oil in Water
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Conclusion

• There are many different kinds of food additives
  are added in some packed food, so when we are
  going to buy it, pay attention on the labels,
  looking for any food additive that may affect our
  health, then we can be relieved.

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(No Transcript)
19
Feeling