Constraint Manipulation for Fingerprinting Intellectual Property

1
Constraint Manipulation forFingerprinting
Intellectual Property

• G. Qu and M. Potkonjak
• Computer Science Department
• University of California, Los Angeles
• gangqu,miodrag_at_cs.ucla.edu

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Motivation

• IP-Based Design
• Design complexity time-to-market
• Challenges (http//www.vsia.com)
• analog mixed-signal
• implementation/verification
• IP protection
• manufacturing related test
• on-chip buses
• system-level design
• virtual component transfer
• verification

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Motivation

• IP-Based Design
• Design complexity time-to-market
• Challenges (http//www.vsia.com)
• analog mixed-signal
• implementation/verification
• IP protection
• manufacturing related test
• on-chip buses
• system-level design
• virtual component transfer
• verification

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Motivation

• IP-Based Design
• Intellectual Property Protection (IPP)
• Watermarking-Based IP Protection
• Traditional watermarking techniques
• digital dataaudio, video, image, multimedia,
• owners signature ? minute errors (Boney et
  al., Cox et al., Swanson et al. Hartung et al.
  IHW98, Signal Processing May,1998)

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Motivation

• IP-Based Design
• Intellectual Property Protection (IPP)
• Watermarking-Based IP Protection
• Traditional watermarking techniques
• Constraint-based techniques
• software, hardware, algorithm, design IP, ...
• challenge keep the correct functionality
• owners signature ? extra constraints

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Motivation

• IP-Based Design
• Intellectual Property Protection (IPP)
• Watermarking-Based IP Protection
• Traditional watermarking techniques
• Constraint-based techniques
• software, hardware, algorithm, design IP, ...
• challenge keep the correct functionality
• owners signature ? extra constraints
• theoretical background (Qu et al. ICCAD98)
• applications (Kahng et al. DAC98, Kirovski et
  al. ICCAD98, Charbon CICC98, Hong et al. DAC99
  , Oliveria DAC99, Khanna and Zane, SODA00)

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Motivation

• IP-Based Design
• Intellectual Property Protection (IPP)
• Watermarking-Based IPP
• Traditional watermarking techniques
• Constraint-based techniques
• Fingerprinting
• Provides each user with a unique copy of the IP
• Facilitates the trace of illegally resold IP
• Protects innocent legal users

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Approach and Challenges
Users
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Prior Art on Fingerprinting

• Fingerprinting for Digital Data(Chor et al.
  CRYPTO94, Boneh and Shaw CYPRTO95, Pfitzmann
  and Schunter EUROCRYPT96, Biehl and Meyer
  STACS97)
• Fingerprinting for FPGA Design(Lach et al.
  CICC98)
• Iterative Fingerprinting for IP
  Protection(Caldwell et al. DAC99)
• Group Theory

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Example Graph Coloring Problem

• InstanceMark the vertices of a graph with the
  minimal number of colors such that no pairs of
  nodes that are connected by an edge receive the
  same color.
• QuestionHow to get many distinct solutions?
• Criteria
• Efficiency
• Distinctness

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Technique 1 -- Vertex Duplication
A
B
E
C
F
F
D
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Technique 1 -- Vertex Duplication
A
A
A
B
E
B
E
C
C
F
F
D
D
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Technique 2 -- Clique Manipulation
A
H
B
G
C
F
D
E
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Technique 2 -- Clique Manipulation
A
H
B
G
C
F
D
E
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Technique 3 -- Bridge Construction
A
B
E
C
F
D
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Experimental Benchmark
(http//mat.gsia.cmu.edu/COLOR/instances.html)
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Experimental Results
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Conclusions

• Fingerprinting
• New Fingerprinting Methodology
• Concept constraint manipulation
• Efficiency almost zero run-time overhead
• Distinctness guaranteed different copies
• Quantity controllable number of solutions