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Table of Contents

• Definition of Assistive Technology
• Public Laws
• Human Function Model
• Implications of the Model
• Assistive Technology Continuum
• Functions Enhanced Through Assistive Technology
• Assistive Technology Information Sources

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Definition of Assistive Technology

• Definition
• Assistive Technology refers to the devices and
  services that can help people with disabilities
  improve their ability to function in their
  environment.
• Assist means to help
• Assistive devices help people with disabilities
  perform a given task
• Adapt means to change
• Adaptive devices modify the environment for
  people with disabilities

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Public Laws

• 1973-Section 504
• Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act (PL
  93-103)
• 1988-Tech Act
• Technology-Related Assistance for Individuals
  with
• Disabilities Act (PL 101-336)
• 1990-ADA
• Americans with Disabilities Act (PL 101-336)
• 1990-IDEA
• Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (PL
  101-476)
• 1997-IDEA
• Reauthorization of IDEA (PL 105-17)

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Public Laws 1973-Section 504

• A civil rights statute which provides that No
  otherwise qualified individual with disabilities
  in the United Statesshall, solely by reason of
  his/her disability, be excluded from the
  participation, be denied the benefits of, or be
  subjected to discrimination under any program or
  activity receiving federal financial assistance
  (29 USC 749).
• Levels the playing field-to eliminate
  impediments to full participation by persons with
  disabilities.

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Public Laws 1988-Tecnology-Related Assistance
for Individuals with Disabilities Act

• Under the provisions of this law, financial
  assistance was provided to states through
  competitive grants to plan and implement a
  consumer responsive system of technology services
  for individuals of all ages with disabilities.
• Defined assistive technology devices and
  assistive technology services, and identified
  them as part of the continuum of services for
  persons with disabilities.

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Public Laws 1990-Americans with Disabilities
Act (ADA)

• While Section 504 applies only to organizations
  that receive federal funding, ADA provides civil
  rights protection against discrimination to
  citizens with disabilities in private sector
  employment and access to
• public services
• transportation
• telecommunications

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Public Laws 1990-Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act (IDEA)

• Amendments to 94-142 renamed IDEA (PL 101-476)
• Definitions of AT devices and services were
  adopted
• Assistive Technology Devices
• Assistive technology devices means any item,
  piece of equipment, or product system, whether
  acquired commercially off a shelf, modified, or
  customized, that is used to increase, maintain,
  or improve the functional capabilities of
  children with disabilities.
• Assistive Technology Services
• Assistive technology service means any service
  that directly assists a child with a disability
  in the selection, acquisition, or use of an
  assistive device.

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Public Laws 1990-IDEA (continued)

• Assistive Technology Services
• Includes -
• a) the evaluation of the needs of a child with
  a disability, including a functional evaluation
  of the child in the childs customary
  environment
• b) purchasing, leasing, or otherwise providing
  for the acquisition of assistive technology
  devices by children with disabilities
• c) selecting, designing, fitting, customizing,
  adapting, applying, maintaining, repairing, or
  replacing of assistive technology devices

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Public Laws 1990-IDEA (continued)

• Assistive Technology Services
• Includes -
• d) coordinating other therapies, interventions,
  or services with assistive technology devices,
  such as those associated with existing
  education and rehabilitation plans and programs
• e) training assistance for a child with or, if
  appropriate, that childs family, and
• f) training or technical assistance for
  professionals (including individuals providing
  education or rehabilitation services),
  employers, or other individuals who provide
  services to employ, or are otherwise
  substantially involved in the major life
  functions of children with disabilities. (IDEA,
  P.L. 105-17, Section 1401 (a)(26).

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Public Laws 1990-IDEA (continued)

• The regulations require each school district to
  ensure that assistive technology devices or
  services, or both, are made available to a
  student with a disability in order to receive a
  free and appropriate public education (FAPE).
• Assistive technology must be provided as part of
  the students
• special education
• related services or
• supplementary aids and services as described on
  the Individual Education Program (IEP).

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Public Laws 1997-IDEA

• Addition of consideration component requires that
  AT devices or services must be considered for all
  students in the IEP planning process.

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Assistive Technology Continuum Consider a range
of AT from no tech to high tech. A high
tech solution is not always appropriate.
High Tech Incorporates sophisticated electronics
or computers
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Assistive Technology Continuum
Medium Tech Relatively complicated mechanical
devices, such as switches and wheelchairs.
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Assistive Technology Continuum
Low Tech Less sophisticated than Medium Tech
devices and can include items such as adapted
spoon handles, non-tipping drinking cups and
Velcro fasteners.
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Assistive Technology Continuum
No Tech Solutions make use of procedures,
services, and existing conditions in the
environment without the use of devices or
equipment.
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Human Function Model
Functional Orientation

• Scenario . . .

Bobby Penn is a 10 year old fourth grader who
receives services from the LBD resource teacher.
Bobbys verbal expression is above average,
however, his written expression, including
grammar and spelling skills, are on the beginning
second grade level. His teacher is concerned
that his writing portfolio entries will not
reflect his capabilities.
How can assistive technology help?
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Human Function Model Environment Content
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Human Function Model Analyze F. Demands
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Human Function Model Explore Options
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Human Function Model Personal Resources
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Human Function Model External Supports
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Human Function Model Personal Perceptions
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Human Function Model Explore Options
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Human Function Model Select Functional Response
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Human Function Model Personal Changes
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Human Function Model Evaluation Feedback
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Human Function Model
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Application of Human Function Model

• Identifies factors that should be considered in
  making decisions about assistive technologies and
  how these factors relate to each other.
• Provides direction for those making referrals,
  conducting assessments, providing consultation,
  and developing IEPs.
• Guides decisions about instructional strategies
  and delivery of services.

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Functional Areas Enhanced ThroughAssistive
Technology

• Existence
• Communication
• Body Support, Protection and Positioning
• Travel and Mobility
• Environmental Interaction
• Education and Transition
• Sports, Fitness and Recreation

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Existence
Problems in Existence are associated with the
functions needed to sustain life. Possible
Solutions

• Adapted utensils
• Dressing aids
• Adapted toilet seats
• Toilet training

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Existence
Determining an Objects Color
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Existence
Adapted Utensils
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Existence
Winsford Feeder
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Existence
Adapted Hairbrush
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Existence
Retrofit Toilet Seat
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Communication
Problems in Communication are associated with the
functions needed to receive, internalize, and
express information, and to interact
socially. Possible Solutions

• Hearing amplifiers
• Captioned video
• Speech aids
• Sign language training
• Picture boards
• Pointers

• Writing and drawing aids
• Alternative input and output devices for
  computers
• Speech/language services

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Communication
Communication Board
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Communication
Dynamic Display
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Communication
Communication Software
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Communication
Braille Printer
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Communication
Communication Device
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Body Support, Protection and Positioning
Problems in Body Support, Alignment and
Positioning are associated with the functions
needed to stabilize, support, or protect a
portion of the body. Possible Solutions

• Prone stander
• Furniture adaptation
• Support harness
• Stabilizers

• Slings
• Head gear
• Physical therapy services

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Body Support, Protection and Positioning
Wheelchair Supports
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Body Support, Protection and Positioning
Rocking Chair
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Body Support, Protection and Positioning
Per Mobil
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Body Support, Protection and Positioning
Shower Chair (no movie)
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Travel and Mobility
Problems in Travel and Mobility are associated
with the functions needed to move horizontally or
vertically. Possible Solutions

• Wheelchairs
• Scooters
• Hoists
• Cycles
• Ambulators

• Walkers
• Crutches
• Canes
• Orientation and mobility training services

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Travel and Mobility
Wheelchair Transfer
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Travel and Mobility
Walker
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Travel and Mobility
Van Lift
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Travel and Mobility
Precane
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Environmental Interaction
Problems in Environmental Interaction are
associated with the functions needed to perform
activities across environments. Possible
Solutions

• Use of switches to control equipment
• Remote control devices
• Adapted appliances
• Ramps

• Automatic door openers
• Modified furniture
• Driving aids
• Rehab Engineering services

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Environmental Interaction
Per Mobil with Height Adjustment
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Environmental Interaction
Footmouse
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Environmental Interaction
Braille n Speak
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Environmental Interaction
Money Overlay
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Environmental Interaction
Adapted Light Switch
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Environmental Interaction
Reacher
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Education and Transition
Problems in Education and Transition are
associated with the functions needed to
participate in learning activities and to prepare
for new school settings or post-secondary
environments Possible Solutions

• Adapted instructional materials
• Educational software
• Computer adaptations
• Assistive technology

• Community-based instruction
• Creative arts therapy
• Other related services

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Education and Transition
Portable Word Processor
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Education and Transition
Screen Reader
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Education and Transition
Adapted Scissors
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Education and Transition
OnScreen Keyboard
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Education and Transition
Reading Group
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Sports, Fitness and Recreation
Problems in Sports, Fitness and Recreation are
associated with the functions needed to
participate in individual or group sports, play,
hobby and craft activities Possible Solutions

• Modified rules and equipment
• Special Olympics
• Adapted aquatics
• Braille playing cards

• Switch-activated camera
• Adapted physical education services

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Sports, Fitness and Recreation
Water Skiing
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Sports, Fitness and Recreation
Playing Cards
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Sports, Fitness and Recreation
Video Game
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Sports, Fitness and Recreation
Switch-Activated Game
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Sports, Fitness and Recreation
Snow Skiing
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AT Information Sources

• Kentucky Assistive Technology Services
  NetworkBluegrass Technology Center
• Enabling Technologies of Kentuckiana (enTech)
• Western Kentucky Technology Consortium
• Redwood Assistive Technology Center
• Closing the Gap
• ABLEDATA
• Adaptive Device Locator System (ADLS)

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AT Information Sources

• Kentucky Assistive Technology Services Network
• KATS Network OfficeP.O. Box 757Frankfort, KY
  40602-0757
• 502-564-2733 (V/TT)800-327-5287
  (V/TT)502-564-2951 (Fax)Located at 209 St.
  Clair StreetFrankfort, KY 40601

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AT Information Sources

• Bluegrass Technology Center
• 961 Beasley Street, Suite 103A
• Lexington, KY 40509-4120
• 859-294-4343 (V/TDD)
• 800-209-7767 (Toll Free)
• 606-255-0059 (Fax)
• office_at_bluegrass-tech.org (E-mail)
• http//www.bluegrass-tech.org (website)

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AT Information Sources

• Enabling Technologies of Kentuckiana (enTech)
• Louisville Free Public Library
• 301 York Street
• Louisville, KY 40203
• 502-574-1637 (V/TDD)
• 800-890-1840 (Toll Free)
• 502-582-2448 (Fax)
• Entech_at_iglou.com (E-mail)
• http//www.kde.state.ky.us/oet/customer/at/entech.
  asp (website)

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AT Information Sources

• Western Kentucky Technology Consortium
• P.O. Box 266
• Weaks Community Center
• 607 Poplar, Ste 305
• Murray, KY 42071
• 270-759-4233
• 800-209-6202 (Toll Free)
• 270-759-4208 (Fax)
• WKAT_at_mursuky.campus.mci.net (E-mail)
• http//www.brcee.coop.k12.ky.us/A/wkatc.html
  (website)

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AT Information Sources

• Redwood Assistive Technology Center
• 71 Orphanage Road
• Ft. Mitchell, KY 41017
• 606-331-0880
• 800-728-9807 (Toll Free)
• 606-331-6177 (Fax)
• redwoodtech_at_fuse.net (E-mail)
• http//www.redwoodrehab.org (website)

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AT Information Sources

• Closing the Gap
• P.O. Box 68
• Henderson, MN 56044
• 507-248-3294
• 507-248-3810 (Fax)
• Info_at_closingthegap.com (E-mail)
• http//www.closingthegap.com (website)

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AT Information Sources

• ABLEDATA
• 8630 Fenton Street, Suite 930
• Silver Spring, MD 20910
• 800-227-0216 (Toll Free)
• 301-608-8958 (Fax)
• adaigle_at_aol.com (E-mail)
• http//www.abledata.com (website)

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AT Information Sources

• Adaptive Device Locator System (ADLS)
• Academic Software, Inc.
• 331 West Second Street
• Lexington, KY 40507
• 606-233-2332
• http//www.academicsoftware.com (website)

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Credits

• Development Production Team
• A. Edward Blackhurst Margaret Bausch Jennifer
  Bell Nita Kaufman Elizabeth Lahm Linda
  Gassaway Melissa McCardle Ashley Milo
• Students
• Gerald Forest Hayden Troy Jordan
  Spencer Adam Rebecca Stevie Megan
  Makendra Logan
• Consultant
• Gerald Abner

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