Company Mission

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Visualization of Massive Volumetric Data
Sets Bradley Wallet Robert Wentland Jawad Mokhtar
brad_at_chroma-corp.com http//www.chromaenergy.com/
2
Acknowledgements

• Chroma for allowing me to come
• Chroma Energy for allowing me to speak
• PGS for allowing me to show their data

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Outline

• Background (Goals and Data)
• Why Visualize?
• Hardware
• Software

4
Goals

• Find economic hydrocarbon reservoirs
• Reduce the number of dry holes
• Locate leads that would otherwise be missed
• Extract information necessary to exploit
  reservoirs

5
Data

• Large 3-D volumetric data set
• Pre-stack data (Amplitude vs. Offset)
• Reflection Coefficient data
• Acoustic Impedance data
• Derived (feature) data
• 4-D Seismic data

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Data

• Data cubes consists of 100 million to 500
  million observations
• Typically part of larger data set
• Desire to work in 32 bits per voxel
• Typically four or more derived data cubes
• Some really should be 32 bits per voxel
• Often need three or more in memory at a time

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Data
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Data
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Data
More
Done
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Data
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Data
Access the pattern level of the ChromaCubeTM
pattern database.
More
Done
12
Why Visualize

• Technical feasibility
• Oil is found in the minds of men
• Conservative culture
• Economics
• Shallow onshore well costs 100k
• Deep onshore well costs 1m
• On shelf well costs 10m
• Deep water well costs 100m

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Hardware

• Long term storage
• Generally available in sufficient quantity
• Slow but typically acceptable
• Intersite transfer of data
• Main memory
• Limited to 2GB in 32 bit systems
• Limited to 8GB in practice
• Contiguous memory issues

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Hardware

• Graphics cards
• Not designed for volumetric applications
• View must be calculated in software
• Volumetric cards
• Limited in the past to 256MB
• Limited to greyscale
• New ones hold up to 8GB
• Support RGBA
• Exotic (transputer) solutions
• Expensive hardware
• Expensive software

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Software

• Custom software
• Cpat
• Batch operations
• Calculates derived data
• ChromaVision
• Visualization
• Interactive colormap adjustments
• Extraction, annotation, editing, etc.
• Commercial off the shelf (COTS) software
• Data preprocessing
• Standard operations

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Software
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Software

• Color maps
• RGBA
• HSVA
• Alpha channel
• Interactive exploration
• Grand tour