Some Thoughts from Journals

1
Some Thoughts from Journals

• Remembrance of things future
• Childs play and time
• Even while the dust moves
• There rises the hidden laughter
• Of children in the foliage
• Quick now, here, now, always Burnt Norton
• Relating speed of speech with patience

2
Pace of Speech

• I used to notice that the cowboys, some of whom
  helped raise me when I was a preadolescent, had a
  tempo of speech unlike that of other white men.
  It didnt speed up and slow down to keep in sync
  with the people around them. As a group, they
  were marked by their own tempo geared to the
  personality the mood, and the situationfor
  conversation they did not want to be rushed, so
  they set their own pace. Dudes and tourists would
  seek quick responses to their question and
  verbally tailgated these men of the outdoors,
  trying to get them up to speed. They never
  realized that it was their own urban tempo that
  was out of sync with the body and that the mere
  rush of words over the years could erode the
  disposition just as surely as those Western
  arroyos eroded the soft soil of the valley flats
  through which they ran. Edward Hall, Dance of
  Life, pg. 42

3
Hit-you-over-the-head Themes

• Objective, Absolute, Chronos vs.
• Subjective, Perceptual, Kairos
• Time and space
• (especially physics, science fiction, philosophy)
• Flows vs. states/moments
• Arrow of time
• Multitasking vs. Doing one thing at a time

4
Other Themes

• Redemption
• Hancock family motto
• Messianic theme in W. Benjamins theses
• Burnt Norton
• If all time is eternally present
• All time is unredeemable
• Dont try to convert a Hopi to Christianity
• Words
• Philosophy Metanymy and Metaphors focus on
  words
• Burnt Norton
• Before the Rain (Words, Faces, Pictures)

5
Words Burnt Norton V

• Words move, music moves
• Only in time but that which is living
• Can only die. Words, after speech, reach
• Into the silence. Only by the form, the pattern
• Can words or music reach
• The stillness, as a Chinese jar still
• Moves perpetually in its stillness.

6
Themes That Seemed Hardly Mentioned

• Cycles (Exception Anthropologist)
• What happens when perceptions collide?

7
Time from a Management Perspective Broad-brush

• Industrial Revolution
• Piecework vs. hourly pay
• Quantity of time vs. quality of time
• Based on conformity, standardization,
  routinization
• Bureaucracy
• Division of labor
• Taylorism
• F.W. Taylors The Principles of Scientific
  Management
• Movement to universal notions of time

8
Movement to Universal Notions of Time

• Dominant characteristic of Modernity
• Separation of time from space
• Standardization of time around the world
• Standard time system with 24 equal hours
• Gregorian Calendar
• Japans Meiji government adopted 24 hour day and
  Gregorian calendar in 1873 to be civilized
• New words for days of week, months
• Introduced in compulsory elementary education
• Swatch time (1000 beats) and decimal calendar
• Castells network society and realtime

9
Time from a Management Perspective Organizational

• Time horizons
• Semi-skilled and unskilled workers more
  fatalistic (future is determined)
• Lawrence and Lorsch
• Different time orientations sales, RD
  production
• Need to integrate
• Planning horizons
• Distant future orientation Longer planning
  horizon
• Appropriate planning horizon (2.85 years???)
• Time pressures a source of challenge

10
Temporal Structuring of Time (Orlikowski and
Yates, Org. Sc. 2002)

• Temporal structures shape and are being shaped by
  human action
• Time is experienced through shared temporal
  structures
• People (re)produce and occasionally change
  temporal structures to orient their ongoing
  activities
• Draft next week
• Journals due every four weeks
• 3 hour vs. Two 1.5 hour classes

11
Dealing with Multiple Temporal Structures

• Season dressing appropriately
• Commuting schedule consider parking
• Class day schedule class depends on day of week
• Project schedule due dates
• Networking event going to lunch with visiting
  colleague
• Health maintenance schedule mammogram
• Professional development schedule preparing for
  visit, sabbatical
• Fitness routine daily swim
• Family schedule preparing and eating dinner with
  Rusty
• Biological time sleeping

12
Multiple times

• Natural time
• Biological
• Performance and career expectations for workers
  at different ages
• Shift work
• Ecological time
• Social time
• Pluritemporalism plurality of different modes of
  social times which exist side by side
• Ongoing constraining and creating/adapting

13
Changes to Temporal Structures

• Explicitly changed by individuals
• Explicitly changed by groups
• Christians disassociating themselves by changing
  from Jewish calendar
• French revolutionists symbolizing change to their
  society by adopting decimal calendar
• Explicitly changed by organizations
• Business adopting just-in-time (JIT) inventory
• Toyota adopting just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing
  (synchronization)
• Controlled by culture (deadlines, punctuality)
• Implicitly changed by lapses, workarounds,
  adaptations

14
Work Time (The Overworked American, Schor, 1991)

• For almost a century before late 1940s, the
  number of work hours decreased for the American
  work force
• Pressing social issue
• Since late 1940s
• American workers gradually worked more
• American workers worked more than Western
  European workers (320 hours)
• Productivity tended to increase
• American workers spend higher fraction of
  earnings
• American workers sleep less (60-90 minutes less)
• Incentives for long hour jobs more joblessness

15
Leisure Time (Concepts of Leisure, Murphy, 1974,
1981)

• Leisure free time
• Discretionary time time after work and basic
  requirements
• Social class, race, occupation e.g., upper
  classes and certain occupations have more leisure
• Social instrument self actualization
• Leisure state of being
• Classical contemplation, search for knowledge,
  cultural enlightenment such as the Greeks
• Anti-Utilitarian end in and of itself
• Holistic free time state of being

16
Managing Time

• Monochronistic, schedule oriented
• Which tasks can be handled when? Simultaneously?
• Downsides
• Does one size fit all?
• Creativity?
• Synchronization across groups?