C H A P T E R

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C H A P T E R
The New Deal
CHAPTER OBJECTIVE
INTERACT WITH HISTORY
TIME LINE
A New Deal Fights the Depression
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SECTION
MAP
The Second New Deal Takes Hold
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SECTION
The New Deal Affects Many Groups
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SECTION
Culture in the 1930s
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SECTION
The Impact of the New Deal
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SECTION
GRAPH
VISUAL SUMMARY
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C H A P T E R
The New Deal
To understand the impetus for FDRs New Deal
legislations and the impact these policies had on
the American nation
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C H A P T E R
The New Deal
I N T E R A C T
W I T H H I S T O R Y
It is 1933, the height of the Great Depression.
Thousands of banks and businesses have failed,
and a quarter of the adult population is out of
work. Now a new president takes office, promising
to bring relief to the ailing economy.
How would you begin to revive the economy?
Examine the Issues
How can the government help failing industries?
What can be done to ease unemployment?
What would you do to restore public confidence
and economic security?
How would you get money to pay for your
proposed recovery programs?
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C H A P T E R
The New Deal
The United States
The World
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KEY IDEA
President Roosevelt takes many actions to combat
the Depression.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Americans still benefit from programs begun in
the New Deal, such as bank and stock market
regulations and the Tennessee Valley Authority.
After becoming president, Franklin Delano
Roosevelt used government programs to combat the
Depression.
TERMS NAMES
ASSESSMENT
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1. List problems that President Roosevelt
confronted and how he tried to solve them.
Problems
Solutions
Lack of confidence in banks
Bank holiday treasury inspection deposit
insurance
Paying farmers to slow crop production
Low crop prices
Massive unemployment
Federal work programs
continued . . .
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2. Of the New Deal programs discussed in this
section, which do you consider the most
important?Think About
the type of assistance offered by each program
the scope of each program
the impact of each program
ANSWER

• POSSIBLE RESPONSES
• The FDIC boosted confidence in banks
• The CCC provided aid for unemployment and helped
  the environment.

continued . . .
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3. Do you think Roosevelt was wrong to try to
pack the Supreme Court with those in favor of
the New Deal?
ANSWER

• POSSIBLE RESPONSES
• No Given the crisis of the Depression, it was
  necessary for FDR to restructure the Court.
• Yes FDRs proposed Court-packing bill would
  violate principles of judicial independence and
  the separation of powers.

continued . . .
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4. The New Deal has often been referred to as a
turning point in American history. Cite examples
to explain why.
ANSWER
The New Deal helped the failing banking system,
restored peoples hope in the future, provided
assistance to farmers and those in need of
housing, and provided people with jobs.
End of Section 1
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KEY IDEA
The Second New Deal institutes new programs to
extend federal aid and stimulate the nations
economy.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The Second New Deal included new programs to
extend federal aid and stimulate the nations
economy.
Second New Deal programs continue to assist
homebuyers, farmers, workers, and the elderly in
the 2000s.
TERMS NAMES
ASSESSMENT
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1. Discuss how groups such as farmers, the
unemployed, youth, and retirees were helped by
Second New Deal programs.
Second New Deal
Group
How Helped
Farmers
Second Agricultural Adjustment Act, Farm Security
Administration, Rural Electrification
Administration
Unemployed
Works Progress Administration, Social Security
Administration, National Youth Administration
Labor
Wagner Act, Fair Labor Standards Act
Retirees
Social Security Act
continued . . .
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2. Why might the Social Security Act be
considered the most important achievement of the
New Deal? Think About
the types of relief needed in the 1930s
alternatives to government assistance to the
elderly, the unemployed, and the disabled
the scope of the act
ANSWER
The Social Security Act provided immediate aid to
the unemployed, the elderly, the disabled, and
families with dependent children. It was the New
Deal program with the largest scope, affecting
thousands of people, over many years.
End of Section 2
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KEY IDEA
New Deal policies and actions affect Americans in
all walks of life. The Democratic Party forms a
new political coalition.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
New Deal policies and actions affected various
social and ethnic groups.
The New Deal made a lasting impact on increasing
the governments role in the struggle for equal
rights.
TERMS NAMES
ASSESSMENT
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1. Note the effects of New Deal policies on
American women, African Americans, Mexican
Americans, Native Americans, and unionized
workers.
Effects of New Deal
African Americans
Women
Native Americans
Unionized workers
Mexican Americans
Appointment of John Collier and the Indian
Reorganization Act of 1934
Aided by some New Deal programs butreceived
lesshelp than others
Appointment of Frances Perkins as first female
cabinet member
Appointee Mary McLeod Bethune and the Black
Cabinet
The Wagner Act and other prolabor legislation
continued . . .
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2. What steps did women make toward equality
during the 1930s? Think About
the role of women in government
hiring practices in federal programs
womens opportunities in business and industry
ANSWER
Women appointed to government positions more
women employed outside the home expanding
opportunities in the workplace women activists
and organizers
continued . . .
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3. In your opinion, did organized labor become
too powerful in the 1930s? Think About
why workers joined unions
how unions organized workers
the role of unions in politics
ANSWER

• POSSIBLE RESPONSES
• Yes Strikes interfered with business and labor
  disputes and sometimes resulted in violence.
• No Unionization resulted in better working
  conditions.

continued . . .
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4. Why did urban voters support President
Roosevelt?
ANSWER
New Deal labor and relief programs helped the
urban poor. Roosevelt made direct appeals to
urban voters during his campaign.
End of Section 3
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KEY IDEA
Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature all
blossom during the period of the New Deal.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
Motion pictures, radio, art, and literature
blossomed during the New Deal.
The films, music, art, and literature of the
1930s still captivate todays public.
TERMS NAMES
ASSESSMENT
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1. Fill in the names of those who contributed to
each aspect of American culture in the 1930s.
Writers
Richard Wright, Zora Neale Hurston, James T.
Farrell, John Steinbeck, Thorton Wilder
Radio Stars
Movie Stars
Orson Welles, Bob Hope, Jack Benny, Burns and
Allen
Clark Gable, Marlene Dietrich, James Cagney,
Vivien Leigh, Fred Astaire, Ginger Rogers
Painters
Edward Hopper, Thomas Hart Benton, Grant Wood
continued . . .
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2. What type of movies do you think might have
been produced if the government had supported
moviemaking as part of the New Deal?
ANSWER
Movies that focused on social and political
accomplishments, and documentaries about the Dust
Bowl and the Depression.
continued . . .
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3. How did the entertainment industry affect the
economy?
ANSWER
Entertainment, especially movies and radio, was a
lucrative industry during the Depression. New
movie theatres had regular patrons nearly 90
percent of Americans owned radios by 1940.
continued . . .
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4. In your opinion, what were the main benefits
of government support for art and literature in
the 1930s? Think About
the experiences of Americans in the Great
Depression
the writers who got their start through the FWP
the subject matter of WPA murals and other New
Deal-sponsored art
ANSWER
Writers produced literature about the hardships
and daily struggle of the American people during
the 1930s. New Deal art produced a written and
pictorial legacy of the Depression years. The
government provided writers and artists with the
opportunity to create. The arts became more
accessible to the public.
End of Section 4
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KEY IDEA
The New Deal affects American society not only in
the 1930s but also in the decades that follow.
OVERVIEW
ASSESSMENT
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OVERVIEW
MAIN IDEA
WHY IT MATTERS NOW
The New Deal affected American society not only
in the 1930s but also in the decades that
followed.
Americans still debate over how large a role
government should play in American life.
TERMS NAMES
ASSESSMENT
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1. List four long-term effects of the New Deal.
National Labor Relations Board mediates labor
disputes.
Securities and Exchange Commission monitors the
stock market.
New DealsLong-Term Effects
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insures
accounts up to 100,000.
Social Security provides assistance to eligible
citizens.
continued . . .
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2. Some critics have charged that the New Deal
was antibusiness and anti-free enterprise.
Explain why you agree or disagree with this
charge. Think About
the expanded power of the federal government
the New Deals effect on the economy
the New Deals effect on the American people
ANSWER
Agree The New Deal weakened free enterprise
business by increasing regulations, taxes, union
membership, and wages. Disagree It increased
government spending, improved the economy,
provided hope, and aided free enterprise.
continued . . .
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3. How successful do you think Franklin Roosevelt
was as a president?
ANSWER
Success Roosevelts New Deal programs addressed
the crisis of the Depression and helped the
country recover. Failure Roosevelt did not
support civil rights for African Americans. New
Deal legislation stifled free enterprise and
individual initiative.
End of Section 5